تاثیر محلول‌پاشی کودهای سیلیکاته در میزان آلودگی به ساقه‌خوار ذرت Sesamia cretica

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه حشره شناسی و بیماری‌های گیاهی، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ساقه‌خوار ذرت Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) از مخرب­ترین آفات ذرت در ایران به شمار می‌رود. استفاده از کودها و در دسترس قرار دادن برخی عناصر غذایی می‌تواند منجر به کاهش قابل توجه فعالیت آفت و پیشگیری از خسارت ناشی از آن شود. عنصر سیلیسیم می‌تواند باعث افزایش مقاومت گیاه در برابر حمله آفات  و بیماری‌های گیاهی شود. در این پژوهش تاثیر تیمارهای کود سیلیکات کلسیم، کود سیلیکات پتاسیم و تلفیق استفاده از کود سیلیکات کلسیم و پتاسیم به‌صورت محلول‎پاشی بر میزان آلودگی به ساقه‌خوار S. cretica و عملکرد ذرت در شرایط مزرعه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای مختلف کود سیلیکات در مقایسه با شاهد باعث کاهش معنی‌دار درصد مرگ جوانه مرکزی ذرت در اثر فعالیت ساقه‌خوار ذرت  شد. در بررسی ساقه‌ها در زمان برداشت، تیمار محلول‌پاشی سیلیکات کلسیم و تیمار تلفیقی سیلیکات کلسیم و پتاسیم کاهش معنی‌داری را از نظر درصد ساقه و میان‌گره آلوده نشان داد. همه تیمارهای کودی مورد بررسی در عملکرد خشک و تر ذرت در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشتند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، محلول‌پاشی انواع فرمولاسیون سیلیکات هم به‌صورت سیلیکات کلسیم و هم به‌صورت سیلیکات پتاسیم و مصرف تلفیقی آن‌ها می‌تواند علاوه بر افزایش عملکرد ذرت، میزان آلودگی به ساقه‌خوار ذرت را نیز کاهش دهد. بنابراین، کاربرد این دو نوع فرمولاسیون از کود سیلیکات در مدیریت ساقه خوار ذرت بسته به شرایط به‌تنهایی یا به‌صورت تلفیقی قابل توصیه است

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar application of silicate fertilizers on corn stem borer , Sesamia cretica infestation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Tajik
  • Arsalan Jamshidnia
  • Reza Sadeghi
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Abureihan Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most destructive pests of maize in Iran. The use of fertilizers and certain nutrients can lead to a significant reduction in pest activity and prevent the resulting damage. Silicon is an element that can enhance plant resistance against pest and plant diseases. In this study, the effects of foliar application of calcium silicate fertilizer, potassium silicate fertilizer, and a combination of both fertilizers were investigated on the infestation level of S. cretica and maize yield under field conditions using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that various silicate fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the percentage of dead heart (central shoot) caused by corn stem borer compared to the control treatment. Upon examination of the stalks at harvest time, the calcium silicate and the combined calcium-potassium silicate treatments showed a significant reduction in the percentage of infested stalks and internodes. All fertilizer treatments studied led to a notable enhancement in both wet and dry maize yield compared to the control. Based on the findings of this research, foliar application of different silicate formulations, either as calcium silicate, potassium silicate, or their combination, can significantly increase maize yield while effectively reducing corn stem borer infestation. Therefore, the application of these two types of silicate fertilizer formulations, either individually or in combination depending on the conditions, is recommended for the management of the corn stem borer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium silicate
  • maize yield
  • potassium silicate
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