بررسی ترکیبات چند گرده گیاهی و تاثیر آنها روی ویژگی‌های زیستی و نرخ شکارگری Neoseiulus cucumeris

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، آب، غذا و فراسودمندها، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور پرورش انبوه، بهینه و با راندمان بالای شکارگرها، غذای مناسب می­تواند در کاهش هزینه‌های تولید و ویژگی ­های زیستی شکارگرها تأثیر به ­سزایی بگذارد. در این پژوهش، ترکیبات شیمیایی گرده‌های گیاهان مختلف شامل آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)، گلابی (Pyrus boissieriana L.)، آلبالو (Prunus cerasus L.) و بیدمشک (Salix aegyptica L.) بررسی شد. تأثیر گرده­ های مذکور­ روی ویژگی‌های زیستی و نرخ شکارگری کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) مطالعه شد. آزمایش‌ها در شرایط کنترل‌شده دمایی (2±25 درجه سلسیوس)، رطوبتی (5±60 درصد) و نوری (۱۶:۸ ساعت روشنایی/تاریکی) انجام شد. ترکیبات شیمیایی گرده‌ها با روش‌های کجلدال، سوکسله و HPLCمورد تجزیه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بین گرده‌های مختلف از نظر ترکیبات غذایی اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. گرده آفتابگردان دارای بیشترین میزان پروتئین (13/88درصد)، لیپید (4/92 درصد) و قندهای گلوکز، فروکتوز و ساکارز بود، در حالی‌که کمترین مقادیر این ترکیبات در گرده آلبالو مشاهده شد. نتایج جدول زندگی و نرخ شکارگری نشان داد که کنه‌های تغذیه‌شده با گرده آفتابگردان دارای بیشترین باروری (35/55 تخم به‌ازای هر ماده)، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r) برابر با 0/134روز و نرخ شکار خالص (C0) برابر با 354/21 طعمه بودند. در مقابل، گرده گلابی کمترین تأثیر را بر رشد و عملکرد شکارگر داشت. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کیفیت تغذیه‌ای گرده‌های گیاهی، به‌ویژه میزان پروتئین و قند، تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر عملکرد زیستی و کارایی شکارگری کنه N. cucumeris دارد. بنابراین، گرده آفتابگردان می‌تواند به‌عنوان منبع غذایی مناسب در برنامه‌های پرورش انبوه و تقویت جمعیت این شکارگر در کنترل بیولوژیک آفات استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation compounds of some plant pollens and their effects on the biological characteristics and predation rate of Neoseiulus cucumeris

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elena Hosseini 1
  • Shahram Aramideh 1
  • oruj valizadegan 1
  • abbas Hosseinzadeh 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University. Iran
2 Institute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Mah. C. Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

For the mass, optimal and high-efficiency rearing of predators an appropriate food can have a significant impact on reducing production costs and biological characteristics of predators. In the present study, the chemical composition of pollens from different plant species, including sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), pear (Pyrus boissieriana L.), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), and musk willow (Salix aegyptica L.) were investigated. The effects of the mentioned pollens on the biological characteristics and predation rate of the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) was studied. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions of temperature (25 ± 2 °C), relative humidity (60 ± 5%), and photoperiod (16:8 h light: dark). The chemical composition of the pollens was analyzed using the Kjeldahl, Soxhlet, and HPLC methods. The results revealed significant differences in nutritional composition among the examined pollens. Sunflower pollen contained the highest levels of protein (13.88%), lipids (4.92%), and the sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose, while sour cherry pollen showed the lowest levels of these components. Life table and predation rate analyses indicated that mites fed on sunflower pollen exhibited the highest fecundity (35.55 eggs per female), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.134 day⁻¹), and net predation rate (C = 354.21 prey). In contrast, pear pollen had the least effect on predator growth and performance. These findings demonstrate that the nutritional quality of plant pollens, particularly their protein and sugar contents, significantly affects the biological performance and predatory efficiency of N. cucumeris. Therefore, sunflower pollen can be recommended as a suitable food source for mass-rearing programs and for enhancing populations of this predator in biological pest control.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lipid
  • predation rate
  • predatory mite
  • protein
  • sugar
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