اثرات زیرکشندگی حشره کش های آلفاسایپرمترین و تلفیق امامکتین بنزوات با استامی پراید بر فراسنجه های زیستی زنبور پارازیتوئید Encarsia formosa

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

حشره‌کش‌های شیمیایی برای کنترل سفیدبالک گلخانه، Trialeurodes vaporariorum به طور گسترده استفاده می‌شوندکه ممکن است اثرات زیرکشنده‌ای بر زنبور پارازیتوئید غالب آن، Encarsia formosa ، داشته باشند. در این مطالعه، اثرات زیرکشنده (LC25) حشره‌کش ­های آلفاسایپرمترین و تلفیق امامکتین بنزوات با استامی‌پراید بر فراسنجه‌های جمعیتی و تولیدمثلی E. formosa بررسی شد. بررسی‌های زیرکشندگی با روش فروبردن برگ‌های گوجه‌فرنگی حاوی پوره‌های سن سوم پارازیت‌شده سفیدبالک گلخانه (مصادف با مرحله شفیرگی زنبور) درون غلظت‌های زیرکشنده حشره­ کش ­ها انجام شد. داده‌های جدول زندگی بر اساس جدول زندگی دو جنسی سن- مرحله  نشوونمایی تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین طول عمر حشرات کامل ماده، طول دوره تخم‌ریزی و باروری به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای شاهد (0/19 ±5/16 روز، 0/27±4/63 روز و 1/34±17/95تخم) و آلفاسایپرمترین بود (0/19 ±2/25 روز، 0/13±1/29 روز و 0/27±2/00 تخم). همچنین حشرات کامل ماده­ مربوط به نسل اول (F1) زنبور پارازیتوئیدکه تحت تاثیر غلظت زیرکشنده آلفاسایپرمترین فرار گرفته بودند، با تاخیر وارد مراحل دوره پیش از تخم‌ریزی و کل دوره پیش از تخم‌ریزی بیشتری نسبت به تیمار امامکتین بنزوات+ استامی‌پراید شدند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از فراسنجه‌های رشد جمعیت (R، r و λ)  نشان داد که کمترین میزان فراسنجه­های مذکور مربوط به حشره‌کش آلفاسایپرمترین (به‌ترتیب 0/24±1/31 نتاج/ماده/روز، 0101/0 ±0/0147 بر روز و 0/01 ±1/01 بر روز) بود. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد آلفاسایپرمترین اثرات زیرکشنده شدیدتری بر E. formosa نسبت به امامکتین+ بنزوات داشت که استفاده از آن در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی سفیدبالک گلخانه نیازمند احتیاط بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sublethal effects of Alpha-Cypermethrin and integration of Emamectin benzoate with Acetamiprid on biological parameters of Encarsia formosa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nazi Reshadat 1
  • Fariba Mehrkhou 1
  • Shahram Aramideh 1
  • Maryam Forouzan 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Chemical insecticides are widely used to control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum, which may have sublethal effects on its dominant parasitoid, Encarsia formosa. In this study, the sublethal effects (LC25) of alpha-cypermethrin and integration of emamectin benzoate with acetamiprid were evaluated on the population and reproductive parameters of E. formosa. The sublethal studies were conducted using the leaf-dipping method of tomato leaves containing parasitized third-instar nymphs of greenhouse whitefly (coincides with pupa stage of parasitoid), into sublethal concentrations of the insecticides. Life table data were analyzed based on the age–stage, two-sex life table. The results showed that the highest and lowest, female longevity, reproduction period and fertility were on control (5.16±0.19 d; 4.63±0.27 d, and 17.95±1.34 eggs) and alpha-cypermethrin (2.25±0.19 d; 1.29±0.13, and 2.00±0.27 eggs) treatments, respectively. Also, adult females of F1 parasitoid that exposed to sublethal concentration of alpha-cypermethrin had a delayed entry into the adult pre-oviposition and total pre-oviposition period compared to emamectin benzoate + acetamiprid. The results obtained from population growth parameters (R0, r, and λ) showed that the lowest rate of aforementioned parameters were related to alpha-cypermethrin treatment (1.31±0.24 offspring/female/day; 0.0147 day-1, and 1.01±0.01 day-1, respectively). The overall results showed that, alpha-cypermethrin had stronger sublethal effects on E. formosa compared to emamectin benzoate + acetamiprid which need to be used with more caution in integrated pest management programs of the greenhouse whitefly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Greenhouse whitefly
  • integrated pest management
  • life table
  • population growth parameters
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