کارایی طعمه‌های جلب‌کننده غیر تجاری برای کنترل لیسک Deroceras agreste در مزارع کاهوی استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

لیسک ­ها از آفات مهم مزارع کاهو در شمال ایران بوده که با تغذیه از قسمت ­های مختلف گیاه باعث صدمه می‌شوند. در این تحقیق کارایی سه نوع طعمه غیر تجاری به همراه طعمه مسموم‌های معدنی فریکول® و شیمیایی لوماکیدین® 5 جی در تله‌های غیرتجاری جعبه­ای سبز رنگ علیه لیسک Deroceras agreste در مزرعه کاهو بررسی شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار طی سال‌های 1402 و 1403 در ایستگاه زراعی قراخیل استان مازندران انجام شد. تعداد لیسک‌های به‌ دام افتاده در هر یک از تله­ها به فواصل هفت روز و طی هشت نوبت به تفکیک شمارش و مقایسه شدند. طی دو سال بررسی، میانگین تعداد لیسک­ های به دام افتاده در تله طعمه خمیر ترش نان (79/46عدد) از دو ماده جلب‌کننده دیگرشامل طعمه ماءالشعیر (68/9 عدد) و شیرترش (51/3عدد) بیشتر بود. تیمار خمیر ترش نان به همراه لوماکیدین® 5 جی (میانگین 84/2عدد) در مرتبه اول و تیمارهای خمیر ترش نان به‌تنهایی و خمیر ترش نان به همراه فریکول® (میانگین 42/80 عدد) در مرتبه بعدی به عنوان مؤثرترین تیمارها در جلب لیسک‌ها بودند. میزان خسارت لیسک به برگ‌های کاهو در تله طعمه شیر ترش طی دو سال بررسی بیشتر از سایر تیمارها (میانگین 36 درصد) و در تلفیق با فریکول® و لوماکیدین 5 جی® به‌ترتیب 20/5و 24/4درصد و در سایر تیمارها کمتر از 10 درصد بود. کاربرد خمیر ترش نان در تله جعبه‌ای سبز رنگ می‌تواند در کاهش مصرف لیسک‌کش‌ها در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی نرم‌تنان خسارت‌زا در مزارع کاهو توصیه ‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effectiveness of non-commercial attractant baits for controlling the slug Deroceras agreste in lettuce fields of Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Ahmadi 1
  • Moloud Gholamzadeh Chitgar 2
1 Agricultural Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Slugs are one of the most important pests of lettuce fields in the north of Iran, which cause damages by feeding on various parts of the plants. In this study, the efficacy of three types of non-commercial baits, along with the mineral poison bait Ferricol® and the chemical bait Lumakidin 5G®, in non-commercial green box traps against Deroceras agreste in a lettuce field was investigated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 4 replications during 2023 and 2024 at Qarakhail Agricultural Station, Mazandaran Province. The number of slugs caught in each trap was counted and compared separately at seven-day intervals over eight times. During the two years of study, the average number of slugs trapped in the bread sour dough trap (79.46 numbers) was higher than the other two attractants, including non-alcoholic beer (68.9) and sour milk (51.3). The bread sour dough treatment with Lumacidin 5G® (average 84.2) in the first order and the bread sour dough alone and bread sour dough with Ferricol® (average 80.42) in the second order were the most effective treatments in attracting the slugs. The damage caused by the slugs to lettuce leaves in the sour milk trap treatment over the twoyear study was higher than other treatments (average 36%) and in combination with Ferricol® and Lumakidin 5G ® were 20.5 and 24.4%, respectively, while in the other treatments it remained below  less than 10%. The use of bread sour dough in green box traps can be recommended to minimize the reliance on molluscicides within integrated pest management strategies aimed at controlling harmful molluscs in lettuce cultivations..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attractant bait
  • green box trap
  • lettuce
  • slug
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