اثر کشندگی سه حشره کش بوپروفزین، پایری پروکسی‌فن و کلرپایریفوس روی شپشک آردآلود مرکبات Planococcus citri و کفشدوزک نقاب دار دولکه ای Chilocorus bipustulatus

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

کنترل آفات با استفاده از حشره­کش­های کم­خطر یکی از شیوه­های موثر حفاظت از دشمنان طبیعی است. در این پژوهش اثرات دو حشره­کش IGR بوپروفزین و پایری­پروکسی­فن نسبت به حشره­کش فسفره کلرپایریفوس روی شپشک آردآلود مرکبات Planococcus citri و کفشدوزک نقابدار دولکه‌ای Chilocorus bipustulatus  بررسی شد. زیست‌سنجی شپشک آردآلود به روش تماس با سطح آغشته به حشره‌کش و کفشدوزک شکارگر به روش تماس با سطح و غذای آغشته به حشره‌کش انجام شد. زیست‌سنجی مقایسه‌ای با هدف تعیین غلظت‌های ایمن روی دشمن طبیعی نیز انجام شد. مقدار LC50 بوپروفزین، پایری‌پروکسی‌فن و کلرپایریفوس روی پوره‌های سن دوم شپشک به‌ترتیب 71/4، 57/3و 1/89میلی‌گرم ماده موثر در لیتر بود. آزمایش کلرپایریفوس روی لاروهای سن یک کفشدوزک C. bipustulatus نشان داد این ترکیب کشندگی شدیدی روی این دشمن طبیعی دارد و غلظت 2 میلی‌گرم ماده موثر در لیتر آن که حدود 400 برابر کوچکتر از غلظت رایج مزرعه‌ای کلرپایریفوس است، حدود 73 درصد مرگ‌ومیر ایجاد کرد. کشندگی ناشی از دو غلظت 120 و 300  میلی‌گرم ماده موثر در لیتر از حشره‌کش بوپروفزین روی لاروهای کفشدوزک پس از چهار روز به‌ترتیب 32 و 56 درصد و کشندگی ناشی از دو غلظت 30 و 75 میلی‌گرم ماده موثر در لیتر پایری‌پروکسی‌فن به‌ترتیب 32 و 47 درصد بود. زیست‌سنجی مقایسه‌ای نشان داد که کلرپایریفوس روی زنده‌مانی کفشدوزک به شدت اثر سوء دارد و غلظت مزرعه‌ای رایج حشره‌کش‌های IGR نیز برای کفشدوزک ایمن نبوده، هر چند حشره‌کش پایری‌پروکسی‌فن نسبت به بوپروفزین اثر منفی کمتری ایجاد کرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The lethal effect of three insecticides, buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and chlorpyrifos, on the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri and the heather ladybird Chilocorus bipustulatus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shima Shafeinejad Balalami
  • Mahmoud Mohammadi Sharif
  • Masoumeh Shayanmehr
Department of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Using low-risk insecticides for pest management is an efficient approach to preserving natural enemies. In this study the effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs), buprofezin and pyriproxyfen, in comparison with the widely used organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos were investigated against the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri and the heather ladybird, Chilocorus bipustulatus. The citrus mealybug bioassay was conducted using residual methods, while the ladybird predator bioassay was performed through both residual and host-treated approaches. Based on the assay results, a comparative bioassay was also conducted to determine safe concentrations for the natural enemy. The LC50 values ​​of buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, and chlorpyrifos, on second instar nymphs of citrus mealybug were 71.4, 57.3, and 1.89 mg ai/L, respectively. The bioassay of chlorpyrifos on C. bipustulatus first instar larvae indicated that this insecticide is highly lethal to this natural enemy and a concentration of 2 mg ai/L, approximately 400 times lower than the common field dose of chlorpyrifos, resulted in about 73% mortality. The mortality rates of buprofezin at concentrations of 120 and 300 mg ai/L on ladybird larvae after four days were 32% and 56%, respectively. For pyriproxyfen, the lethality at concentrations of 30 and 75 mg ai/L was 32% and 47%, respectively. The comparative bioassays indicated that chlorpyrifos has sever adverse effects on the heather ladybird survival and the field doses of both IGR insecticides were not completely safe for this predator, however pyriproxyfen caused less detrimental effects than buprofezin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Comparative bioassay
  • Conservation of natural enemies
  • IGR insecticides
  • Predator

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تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 15، شماره 2
شهریور 1404
صفحه 31-45

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 شهریور 1404

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