سمیت و خواص ضد تغذیه ای برخی اسانس های گیاهی به صورت مجزا و باهم روی شپشه دندانه دار برنج Oryzaephilus surinamensis

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به اثرات جانبی متعدد کاربرد آفت­ کش­های شیمیایی در کنترل آفات و لزوم معرفی عوامل جایگزین کارآمد و سازگار با محیط زیست، اثرات حشره­ک شی اسانس ­های رازیانه، زنیان و زیره سیاه به­ صورت جداگانه و توام روی شپشه دندانه­ دار برنج در پژوهش حاضر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی اجزای شیمیایی اسانس ­ها نشان داد که تیمول (07/43 درصد) و سیمول (16/26 درصد) در اسانس زنیان، گاما-ترپینن (89/39 درصد) و سیمول (96/31 درصد) در اسانس زیره سیاه و آنتول (98/70 درصد) و لیمونن (95/18 درصد) در اسانس رازیانه ترکیبات غالب می ­باشند. مقادیر غلظت کشنده 50 درصد (LC50) اسانس ­های زیره سیاه، زنیان و رازیانه به­ ترتیب از 701/0، 492/1 و 805/1 میکرولیتر بر گرم در زمان 24 ساعت به 394/0، 603/0 و 613/0 میکرولیتر بر گرم بعد از 72 ساعت کاهش پیدا کرد. استفاده توام از اسانس­ های مورد بررسی موجب افزایش سمیت آن­ها و بیشتر شدن درصد تلفات آفت شد؛ به­ طوری­که کاربرد هم­زمان غلظت­ های کشنده 30 درصد (LC30) اسانس­ های زیره سیاه و زنیان اثر هم ­افزایی در مرگ و میر حشره آفت داشت. در سایر اختلاط ­ها، اثر تجمعی در سمیت اسانس­ ها مشاهده شد. شاخص­ های تغذیه ­ای آفت شامل شاخص مصرف، نرخ مصرف نسبی و نرخ رشد نسبی تحت تاثیر مقادیر جداگانه و توام LC30 اسانس­ ها نسبت به گروه شاهد به ­صورت معنی ­داری کاهش یافت. نرخ رشد نسبی آفت بیشترین کاهش را در تیمار رازیانه+زنیان+زیره سیاه نسبت به سایر تیمارها نشان داد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که استفاده جداگانه و توام از اسانس­های زیره سیاه، زنیان و رازیانه در مدیریت شپشه دندانه ­دار برنج امکان ­پذیر می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Toxicity and antinutritional effects of some plant essential oils, separately and in combination, against the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Mirzaei 1
  • Bahram Naseri 1
  • Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi 1
  • Asgar Ebadollahi 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to several side-effects of chemical pesticides' utilization and necessity of the introduction of efficient and eco-friendly alternatives, the insecticidal effects of ajwain, cumin, and fennel essential oils, separately and in combination, were investigated against the saw-toothed grain beetle in the present study. Chemical analyses of the essential oils revealed that thymol (43.07%) and cymol (26.16%) in ajwain, g-terpinene (39.89%) and cymol (31.96%) in cumin, and anethole (70.98%) and limonene (18.95%) in fennel essential oils were dominant. The 50% lethal concentration ​​(LC50) values of cumin, ajwain, and fennel essential oils were decreased from 0.701, 1.492, and 1.805 μl/g in 24 h to 0.394, 0.603, and 0.613 μl/g after 72 h, respectively. The combined use of the studied essential oils increased their toxicity and the mortality of pest; so the mixing of 30% lethal concentrations (LC30) of ajwain and cumin essential oils had a synergistic effect on the mortality of insect pest. In other combinations, an additive effect was observed in the toxicity of essential oils. Nutritional indices of the pest including consumption index, relative consumption rate, and relative growth rate, influenced by separate and combined application of ​​ essential oils, were significantly decreased compared to the control group. The relative growth rate of the pest showed the greatest reduction by ajwain+cumin+fennel essential oils' treatment compared to others. The results of the present research showed that it is possible to use ajwain, cumin, and fennel essential oils, separately and in combination, to manage saw-toothed grain beetle.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antinutritional effects
  • combined application
  • storage pest
  • toxicity
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