اثر دما و رطوبت روی نوسانات جمعیت لیسک Deroceras agreste و بررسی برخی ویژگی‌های زیستی آن در استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

 لیسک Deroceras agreste یکی از مهم­ترین آفات کاهو در شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه است. نوسانات جمعیت این آفت در شهرستان قائم­شهر (استان مازندران) با روش­های نمونه­برداری کادراندازی و تله­گذاری در سال­های 1398 و 1399 در چهار مزرعه کاهو بررسی شد. بررسی‌ها از شهریور یک سال (هم­زمان با شروع فعالیت روی علف‌های هرز) تا فروردین ماه سال بعد (انتهای فصل زراعی کاهو) نشان داد که بعد از تفریخ تخم‌ها در شهریور ماه، حضور و فعالیت لاروها مشاهده می‌شود که به تدریج بر جمعیت‌شان از شهریور تا آبان ماه افزوده و از آذر تا بهمن ماه کاسته می‌شود. جمعیت بالغ‌ها در شهریور ماه نسبت به لاروها کمتر بوده و به تدریج تا آبان ماه کمی افزایش می‌یابد. در آذرماه با کاهش جمعیت لاروها و تبدیل به مرحله بلوغ، تعداد بالغ‌ها از لاروها پیشی می‌گیرد. سپس، تا بهمن ماه کاهش جمعیت مشاهده می‌شود. در ابتدای زمان نمونه‌برداری در شهریور ماه و نیز ماه‌های مهر و آبان از فصل پاییز، جمعیت نسبت به سایر ماه‌های نمونه‌برداری بیش­تر بود و اوج جمعیت لیسک­ها در آبان ماه با میانگین 7/4 ±85 و 8/2±48 به ترتیب برای لارو و بالغ در سال اول و 0/4 ±83 و 8/2±48 به ترتیب برای لارو و بالغ در سال دوم آزمایش، مشاهده شد. همچنین، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بین عوامل محیطی دما و رطوبت با تغییرات جمعیت لیسک‌ها وجود داشت. تخم­ریزی به طور میانگین 8/28 روز پس از جفت­گیری، متوسط تعداد تخم­ها در هر دسته 14/30 عدد و درصد تخم­های تفریخ شده 2/90 درصد بود. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق به عنوان یکی از اولین بررسی­ها در مورد تراکم و نوسانات جمعیت لیسک D. agreste می­تواند در برنامه­ریزی­های مدیریت کنترل این آفت مفید واقع شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of temperature and humidity on population fluctuations of slug, Deroceras agreste and investigation on some of its biological characteristics in Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Ahmadi 1
  • M. Gholamzadeh Chitgar 2
1 Agricultural Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Slug, Deroceras agreste is one of the most important lettuce pests in greenhouse and field conditions. Population fluctuations of this pest in Ghaemshahr (Mazandaran province) were studied by quadrat and trapping sampling methods in 2019 and 2020 in four lettuce fields. Investigations from September of one year (simultaneously with the start of the activity on weeds) to April of the following year (the end of the lettuce crop season) showed that after the egg hatch in September, the presence and activity of larvae is observed, which gradually increases their population from September until November and decreases from December to February. The population of adults was less than that of larvae in September and gradually increases until November. In December, the number of adults exceeds the number of larvae as the population of larvae decreases and they become mature. Then, until February the population decreases. At the beginning of the sampling in September and also in October and November from the autumn season, the population was higher than in other sampling months and the peak population of the slugs was observed in November with an average of 85±4.7 and 48±2.8 respectively for larvae and adults in the first year and 83±4.0 and 48±2.8 respectively for larvae and adults in the second year of the survey. Also, a positive and significant correlation was observed between the environmental factors, temperature and humidity, with changes in the slug population. Egg laying was on average 28.8 days after mating, the average number of eggs in each clutch was 30.14 and the percentage of hatched eggs was 90.2%. The results of this research, as one of the first studies on the density and fluctuations of slug, D. agreste population, can be useful in planning the management for control of this pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Slug
  • Deroceras agreste
  • Lettuce
  • Population fluctuations
  • Sampling
  • Environmental factors

مراجع

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تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 12، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 71-82

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 آذر 1401

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