اثر گیاهان پوششی در کاهش خسارت بید سیب‌زمینی، Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) روی غده‌های سیب‌زمینی در اواخر فصل رویشی در مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

بید سیب‌زمینی، Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) مهم‌ترین آفت سیب‌زمینی در جهان و ایران می‌باشد. استفاده از راهکار‌های زراعی و حفاظتی مناسب به­منظور ممانعت از تخم‌ریزی آفت روی غده‌های تازه تشکیل شده سیب‌زمینی در انتهای فصل زراعی می­تواند در کاهش خسارت بید سیب­زمینی موثر باشد. در این پژوهش اثرات پوشش گیاهی مختلف در کاهش خسارت روی غده‌های تازه تشکیل شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال 1399 و 1400 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بنابراین، بعد از پیری اندام­های هوایی سیب‌زمینی، گیاهان پوششی ماشک (Vicia sativa)، خلر (Lathyrus sativus)، چاودار (Secale montanu) و نیز تقویت پوشش گیاهی خودرو به­منظور ایجاد پوشش گیاهی در مزرعه استفاده شد. میزان آلودگی غده­های سیب­زمینی طی دو سال در تیمارهای ماشک، خلر، تقویت پوشش گیاهی مزرعه و چاودار به­ترتیب برابر 00/8، 33/12، 33/26 و 17/26 درصد بود و همه تیمارها نسبت به شاهد (17/39 درصد) باعث کاهش معنی­داری در میزان خسارت به غده‌ها شدند. از نظر تعداد لارو‌های بید سیب‌زمینی در غده‌های آلوده نیز اختلاف معنی‌دار بین تیمار‌های مختلف آزمایشی مشاهده شد و تیمار‌های ماشک، خلر، تقویت پوشش گیاهی خود مزرعه و چاودار به­ترتیب تراکم کمتری از لاروهای آفت نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج، گیاه پوششی ماشک به عنوان موثر‌ترین گیاه پوششی برای پوشش خاک و ممانعت از تخم‌ریزی بید سیب‌زمینی روی غده‌های سیب‌زمینی بود. همچنین، حفظ و تقویت علف‌های خودرو داخل مزرعه در انتهای فصل و بعد از خشک شدن اندام‌های هوایی سیب‌زمینی یکی از روش‌های کم هزینه برای جلوگیری از خسارت بید سیب‌زمینی روی غده‌های درون خاک می­تواند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of cover crops in reducing the damage of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) on potato tubers at the end of the growing season in the field

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Zamani 1
  • A. Golizadeh 1
  • S. A. A. Fathi 1
  • B. Naseri 1
  • D. Hassanpanah 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is the most important pest in potato fields in the world and Iran. The use of appropriate agricultural and protection strategies to prevent oviosition of Ph. operculella on newly formed potato tubers at the end of the cropping season can be effective in reducing its damage. The effects of cover crops on damage reduction on newly formed potato tubers were investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two years 2020 and 2021. After the senescence of potato foliage, the cover crops including of vetch (Vicia sativa), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), rye (Secale montanu), and strengthening of the natural field vegetation were used as cover crops in the field. Tuber infestation (%) during two years in vetch, grass pea, reinforcement of field vegetation and rye was 8.00, 12.33, 26.33 and 26.17%, respectively and all treatments significantly reduced the damage on potato tubers when compared with control (39.17%). The number of larvae in the infested tubers showed a significant difference between treatments, and the treatments of vetch, grass pea, reinforcement of field vegetation and rye showed a lower larval density, respectively. Based on results, vetch is the most effective plant to cover the soil and prevent Ph. operculella oviposition on the potato tubers. Moreover, maintaining and strengthening of weeds in the field at the end of the growing season and after the drying of potato foliage could be a low-cost method to prevent damage by Ph. operculella on tubers in the soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cover crops
  • decreasing of oviposition
  • Phthorimaea operculella
  • potato tuber moth management
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