ترجیح میزبان گیاهی، ترجیح مرحله رشدی میزبان و رفتار سوئیچینگ زنبور Aphidius platensis (Hym.: Braconidae) نسبت به شته سبز هلو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حشره شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران

2 گروه کشاورزی پایدار، پژوهشکده امنیت غذایی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی گیاه میزبان به­عنوان نخستین سطح غذایی دارای اثرات مشخصی روی موجودات واقع در سطوح بالاتر است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ترجیح میزبان گیاهی، ترجیح مرحله رشدی میزبان و رفتار سوئیچینگ  زنبور Aphidius platensis Brethes, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) به­عنوان عامل کنترل بیولوژیک شته سبز هلو Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hem.: Aphididae) انجام شد. در آزمایش ترجیح مرحله میزبانی از پوره­های سنین مختلف شته سبز هلو به عنوان میزبان زنبور پارازیتوئید A. platensis استفاده شد. برای تشخیص ترجیح گیاه میزبان شته سبز هلو توسط زنبور پارازیتوئید از شاخص بتای منلی استفاده شد. رفتار سوئیچینگ با استفاده از مدل مورداک، در نسبت­های مختلف پوره­های سنین سوم و چهارم شته سبز هلو بررسی شد. تمام آزمایش­ها در شرایط دمایی 1 ± 25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 70 درصد و دوره نوری 8: 16 ساعت (روشنایی: تاریکی) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد زنبورA. platensis  پوره­های سنین سوم و چهارم شته  M. persicae را برای  پارازیته کردن ترجیح می­دهد. ترجیح میزبانی زنبور A. platensis بین دو گیاه فلفل و بادنجان نشان ­داد که زنبور A. platensis شته­های پرورش­یافته روی گیاه فلفل (5/85 درصد) را بیشتر از گیاه بادنجان (5/28 درصد) برای پارازیته کردن ترجیح می­دهد.ترجیح پارازیتوئید­ در نسبت­های مختلف از مراحل مختلف میزبان متغیر بوده و تعداد میزبان­های پارازیت­شده با افزایش نسبت تراکم میزبان افزایش یافت (به عنوان مثال در تراکم نسبی 40 : 10 (پوره سن چهارم: پوره سن سوم) از شته M. persicae ، پوره­های سن چهارم با میانگین 5/16  به طور قابل توجهی در مقایسه با پوره­های سن سوم با میانگین 8/2 ترجیح داده ­شدند). این مطالعه نشان داد که A. platensis می­تواند به عنوان یک عامل موثر در مدیریت کنترل شته سبز هلو موردتوجه قرار گیرد. نتایج این تحقیق دانش ما را در مورد این  زنبور پارازیتوئید شته‌ها گسترش می‌دهد و درک بهتری از فعل و انفعالات میزبان-پارازیتوئید نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Host plant preference, host stage preference and switching behavior of Aphidius platensis (Hym.: Braconidae) to green peach aphid

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Khaki 1
  • A. Nazari 2
  • H. Madadi 3
  • Z. Rafiee Kerahroodi 1
1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
2 Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security Research Institute, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hem.: Aphididae), is a serious and global pest of vegetable and greenhouse crops. Developing a strategy for the control of this pest and creating a mass-rearing program of its parasitoid Aphidius platensis (Hym.: Braconidae) needs to be examined in terms of host plant preference, host stage preference and switching behavior of A. platensis. Host stage preference and switching behavior carried on third and fourth instars of green peach aphid and host plant preference was studied by sweet pepper and eggplant. All experiments were conducted at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH, and 16:8 h L: D photoperiod. Data analysis showed that A. platensis parasitized all nymphal stages of M. persicae, however, it preferred third and fourth green peach aphid instars. Furthermore, it has been revealed the parasitism rate of A. platensis on pepper-reared aphids (85.5%) was significantly higher than those reared on eggplant (28.5%). It has also been confirmed that the number of parasitized nymphs varied at different ratios of host stages (mixture of third and fourth instars) and the number of host parasitized increased with increasing the contribution of that stage in host stage ratio. These results could be useful to develop a mass-rearing program of A. platensis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biocontrol
  • Manly index
  • Preference
  • Switching
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