ارزیابی روند تغییرات کیفیت روغن زیتون در سطوح مختلف آلودگی به مگس میوه زیتون Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

مگس میوه زیتون یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات محصول زیتون در کشور است. نظر به اینکه میزان آسیب­پذیری کیفیت روغن در ارقام مختلف متاثر از میزان آلودگی و زمان روغن­کشی است، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر خسارت مگس زیتون روی کیفیت روغن زیتون رقم "Zard" در دوره ماندگاری آن، طی دو سال (1397 -1399) اجرا شد. تیمارهای مربوط به شاهد و 10، 20، 30،‌ 40 و 50 درصد آلودگی به مگس میوه زیتون به­طور دستی تهیه شدند. سپس، شاخص­های کیفی مهم روغن، از جمله ارزش پراکسید، اسیدیته و ضریب خاموشیK232  و K270 در نه مرحله زمانی به فاصله سه ماه اندازه­گیری شد. آزمایش با استفاده از طرح آماری اندازه­گیری­های تکراری (Repeated Measures) با سه تکرار به انجام رسید. نتایج نشان داد اختلاف بین نمونه­های با درصد آلودگی­های مختلف، از لحاظ شاخص­های پراکسید و اسیدیته معنی­­دار بود. همچنین، بین مراحل زمانی نمونه­برداری در هر کدام از تیمارهای شاهد، 10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 درصد آلودگی به مگس زیتون اختلاف معنی­دار مشاهده شد، اما در مقابل اختلاف بین نمونه­ها برای ضرایب خاموشی طول موج­های 232 و 270  معنی­دار نبود. بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده، میزان اسیدیته پس از 24 ماه، در نمونه با 50 درصد آلودگی به مگس زیتون 58/57 درصد افزایش نشان داد و از لحاظ ارزش پراکسید، با افزایش قابل توجهی (افزایش بیش از 13 برابر) همراه بود. لازم به ذکر است که مقدار شاخص پراکسید برای درصدهای آلودگی 30، 40 و 50 درصد در مرداد 99 و آبان 99 بیش از حد مجاز استاندارد به دست آمد. نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر اختلاف­های قابل توجه شاخص پراکسید بین نمونه­های شاهد با نمونه­های آلوده به مگس زیتون و همچنین، زمان­های مختلف انبارداری می­باشد، بنابراین هرچه آلودگی و مدت زمان انبارداری افزایش می­یابد از کیفیت روغن زیتون کاسته می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the trend of changes in olive oil quality at different levels of olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae) infestation

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. R. Dadras
  • A. Marouf
  • M. Taheri
  • M. Azimi
  • A. Abdollahi
Agricultural and Horticultural Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) is one of the country's most important pests of olive products. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of olive fly damage on the quality of olive oil "Zard" cultivar across two years of storage from 2018 until 2020. Treatment levels including control and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of olive fruit fly infestation were prepared manually. Then important quality indices of oil, including peroxide value, free acidity, and K232 and K270 extinction coefficients, were measured during nine stages at intervals of three months. The experiment was performed using a statistical design of repeated measures with three replications. The results showed that the differences between samples with different infestation percentages were significant in terms of peroxide and free acidity indices. Also, significant differences were observed between sampling time stages in each treatment level (control, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of olive fly infestation). However, in contrast, the difference between the samples was not significant for the extinction coefficients of 232 and 270 wavelengths. Based on the results, after 24 months, the acidity level in the sample with 50% of olive fly infestation increased by 57.58% and, in terms of peroxide value, was associated with a significant increase (more than 13 times increase). It should be noted that the value of peroxide for infestation percentages of 30, 40, and 50 percent in August 2020 and November 2020 exceeded the standard allowable. The results of this study indicate significant differences in peroxide value between control samples and samples infested with olive fly and different storage times. Hence, as infestation and storage time increases, the quality of olive oil decreases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acidity
  • Duration of storage
  • Olive
  • Qualitative index
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