شناسایی ترکیبات آلی فرّار رقم‌های انار و اثر آنها بر جلب کرم گلوگاه انار Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان

چکیده

کرم گلوگاه انار Ectomyelois ceratoniae ، یک آفت کلیدی در باغ‌های انار در ایران است. استفاده از ترکیبات فرّار گیاهی به­عنوان یکی از عوامل موثر در تغییر رفتار حشرات است که گامی مهم در مبارزه با آفات و در نتیجه کاهش مصرف آفت­کش‌ها و کاهش خطر برای انسان و محیط­زیست است. در این راستا، ترکیب­های آلی فرّار از شاخ و برگ و میوه درختان انار رقم‌های کدرو، رباب و شیرین­شهوار جمع­آوری و با روش کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف­سنجی جرمی (GC-MS) شناسایی شدند. به ترتیب، در شاخ و برگ این رقم­ها 17، 33 و 24 و در میوه آنها 42، 23 و 26 ترکیب آلی فرّار شناسایی شد. فراوان­ترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در شاخ و برگ و میوه رقم کدرو به­ترتیب 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol (01%/51) و 6- Aza-5,7,12,14-tetrathiapentacene (92%/36) بود. این ترکیبات به­ترتیب در شاخ و برگ و میوه رقم رباب، Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (37%/46) و 6-Aza-5,7,12,14-tetrathiapentacene (24%/32) و در شاخ و برگ و میوه رقم شیرین­شهوار، 9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)- (62%/27) و Benzoic acid, 2,5-bis (trimethylsiloxy) -trimethylsilyl ester (25%/46) از ترکیبات اصلی بود. بررسی پاسخ بویایی ماده‌های‌ جفت­گیری­کرده کرم گلوگاه انار در تونل باد نشان داد که حشره‌های ماده از نظر آماری به­صورت متفاوت به بوی شاخ و برگ و میوه ارقام کدرو، رباب و شیرین­شهوار درختان انار جذب می­شوند. نتیجه این پژوهش می­تواند در توسعه روش­های مدیریت بر اساس به­کارگیری مواد پیام­رسان شیمیایی همانند شکار انبوه، دورکردن کرم گلوگاه انار و یا جلب دشمنان طبیعی آن استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of volatile organic compounds of pomegranate varieties and their effects on attraction of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Sahraeian 1
  • S. A. Safavi 1
  • V. Hosseininaveh 2
  • M. Ziaadini 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Valiasr University, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae is a key pest in pomegranate orchards in Iran. The use of volatile plant compounds as one of the effective factors in changing the behavior of insects can be an important step in combating pests and thus reduce the use of pesticides and the risk to humans and the environment. In this regard, volatile organic compounds from the foliage and fruits of pomegranate trees of Kadro, Rabbab and Shirin Shahvar varieties were collected and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Respectively, in foliage of mentioned pomegranate varieties, 17, 33 and 24, and in their fruit 42, 23 and 26 volatile organic compounds were identified. The most abundant constituents were 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol (51.01%) and 6- Aza-5,7,12,14 - tetrathiapentacene (36.92%) in Kadro foliage and fruit, respectively. They were in Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (46.37%) and 6-Aza-5,7,12,14-tetrathiapentacene (32.24%) respectively in Rabbab foliage and fruit. Besides, 9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z) (27.62%) and Benzoic acid-2,5-bis-(trimethylsiloxy)-trimethylsilyl ester (46.25%) were the major components respectively in foliage and fruit of Shirin Shahvar variety. Examination of the olfactory response of female insects of Carob moth in the wind tunnel showed that female insects were differently attracted to the odor of pomegranate foliage and fruits of Kadro, Rabbab and Shirin Shahvar cultivars by statistical analysis. These data may be useful in semiochemically-based management strategies in the pomegranate orchards such as mass trapping or deter of Carob moth or attraction of natural enemies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gas chromatography
  • Mass spectrometry
  • Olfactometry
  • Semiochemicals
  • Carob moth
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