سمیت تدخینی سه اسانس گیاهی روی Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) و تأثیر آن روی درصد پارازیتیسم زنبور Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده‌ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان،‌ دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ‌اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر، اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی اسانس­های گیاهان مرزنجوش، ریحان و نعناع روی بید سیب­زمینی (P. operculella) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. درصد پارازیتیسم زنبور پارازیتوئید T. brassicae روی تخم­های بید سیب­زمینی تیمار شده با غلظت زیرکشنده اسانس­ها هم در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. تجزیه اجزای شیمیایی اسانس­ها توسط گاز کروماتوگرافی- طیف­سنج جرمی نشان داد که کارواکرول (02/26 درصد)، استراگول (27/62 درصد) و کاروتاناستون (47/57 درصد) به ترتیب ترکیبات اصلی اسانس­های مذکور می­باشند. بر اساس مقادیر LC50 برای اسانس­های مرزنجوش، ریحان و نعناع (به ترتیب 59/3 ، 53/2 و 37/2 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا)، اسانس نعناع بالاترین مقدار سمیت را در مقایسه با سایر اسانس­های گیاهی برای تخم بید سیب­زمینی داشت. غلظت کشنده 30 درصد (LC30) اسانس­های گیاهی (به ترتیب 61/2، 20/1و 81/1میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) برای بررسی اثرات زیرکشندگی استفاده شدند. غلظت زیرکشنده اسانس­های گیاهی به طور معنی­داری روی پارامترهای زیست بید سیب­زمینی تأثیر گذاشت. کوتاه­ترین و طولانی­ترین طول دوره پیش از تخمگذاری کل (TPOP) به ترتیب در تیمار شاهد (60/19 روز) و اسانس ریحان (19/22 روز) مشاهده شد. مقادیر نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r) در تیمارهای شاهد و اسانس­های گیاه مرزنجوش، ریحان و نعناع به ترتیب 19/0، 11/0 و 12/0 و 10/0 بر روز بود. هم­چنین، بیشترین درصد پارازیتیسم زنبور پارازیتوئید تریکوگراما روی بید سیب­زمینی بعد از تیمار شاهد (11/81 درصد) در اسانس گیاهی ریحان (44/64 درصد) ثبت شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد که کاربرد همزمان زنبور پارازیتوئید و اسانس­های گیاهی گزینه مناسبی برای مدیریت جمعیت بید سیب­زمینی در انبارها می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fumigant toxicity of three essential oils on Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and their impacts on parasitism of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Jafari 1
  • , H. Rafee-Dastjerdi 1
  • G. Nouri-Ganbalani 1
  • A. Fathi 1
  • M. Hassanpour 1
  • A. Ebadollahi 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the present study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils of marjoram, basil, and mint were evaluated on P. operculella. Also, the parasitism percentage of T. brassicae was assessed on the eggs of P. operculella treated with sublethal concentration (LC30) of these essential oils under laboratory conditions. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis indicated that carvacrol (26.02%), estragole (62.27%), and carvotanacetone (57.47%) were the major constituents of the studied essential oils, respectively. Based on the LC50 values of marjoram, basil, and mint essential oils (3.59, 2.53, and 2.37 µl/liter air, respectively), the mint essential oil had the highest fumigant toxicity on the eggs of P. operculella compared to other essential oils. The LC30 values of essential oils (2.61, 1.20, and 1.81 µl/liter air, respectively) were used to evaluate the sublethal effects. The sublethal concentrations of essential oils significantly affected the parameters of P. operculella. The shortest and longest total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) were observed on control (19.60 days) and O. basilicum essential oil (22.19 days). The values estimated for intrinsic rate of increase (r) in the control and marjoram, basil, and mint essential oils were 0.19, 0.11, 0.12, 0.10 day, respectively. Also, the parasitism rate of T. brassicae was recorded on control (81.11%) followed by basil essential oil (64.44%). These results suggested simultaneous usage of essential oils and parasitic wasps as a reliable option for sustainable managementofpotato tuber worm in the storage facilities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant essential oils
  • egg parasitoid
  • fumigant toxicity
  • potato tuber worm
  • sublethal effects
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