پایش حساسیت جمعیت‌های مختلف پسیل پسته Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae) در برابر ایمیداکلوپرید و کلرپایریفوس در باغ‌های پسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی کاشمر، سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات آفت‌کش‌ها، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

استفاده مکرر و گسترده از آفت­کش­های گوناگون به منظور کنترل پسیل معمولی پسته (Agonoscenapistaciae)،به عنوان مهم­ترین آفت درختان پسته، احتمال بروز کاهش حساسیت به آفت­کش­ها را در این آفت فراهم کرده است. در این پژوهش، با انجام زیست­سنجی به روش غوطه­وری دیسک برگی و براساس دز افتراقی، حساسیت 13 جمعیت پسیل پسته جمع­آوری شده از باغ­های پسته بردسکن، خلیل­آباد و فیض­آباد نسبت به حشره­کش­های ایمیداکلوپرید و کلرپایریفوس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمون زیست­سنجی نشان داد که میزان LC50حشره­کش­های ایمیداکلوپرید و کلرپایریفوس روی جمعیت حساس به ترتیب برابر با 2/261 و 03/83 میلی گرم در لیتر است. نتایج آزمون­های زیست­سنجی جمعیت­ها تحت تاثیر دز افتراقی (یعنی LC90 جمعیت حساس) نشان داد که همه جمعیت­های مختلف پسیل پسته مورد آزمایش، نسبت به کلرپایریفوس حساس هستند؛ ولی نتایج زیست­سنجی ایمیداکلوپرید حاکی از وجود اختلاف معنی­دار در میزان حساسیت جمعیت­های مختلف به این آفت­کش نسبت به جمعیت حساس است. بیش­ترین درصد تلفات با کاربرد دز افتراقی، مربوط به جمعیت کندر حساس و کم­ترین آن مربوط به جمعیت­های جلال­آباد، ظاهرآباد و کندر مقاوم بود. در آزمون­های بیوشیمیایی، اندازه­گیری فعالیت استرازی بیانگر آن است که یکی از سازوکارهای کاهش حساسیت پسیل پسته به ایمیداکلوپرید افزایش فعالیت استرازی است؛ به­طوری که فعالیت این آنزیم در جمعیت حساس 5/2 برابر کم‌تر از جمعیت های با حساسیت پایین‌تر بود. هم­چنین بررسی الگوی باندی این آنزیم در تحلیل زایموگرامی نشان دادکه تمام جمعیت­ها دارای دو ایزوفرم آنزیمی هستند که در جمعیت­های مختلف با جمعیت حساس از لحاظ کیفی متفاوت می­باشد. علاوه بر این، اندازه­گیری فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون­اس­-ترانسفراز نشان داد که این سامانه آنزیمی نیز در کاهش حساسیت پسیل پسته به ایمیداکلوپرید درگیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring of susceptibility of different populations of pistachio psyllid Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae) to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in pistachio orchards

نویسندگان [English]

  • L. Kamali Damavandi 1
  • M. Sharifi 2
  • N. Memarezadeh 3
  • M. Ghadamyari 4
1 Higher Education Institute of Kashmar University Jihad, Khorasan Razavi University Jihad Organization, Kashmar, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
3 Pesticide Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran,
4 Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Science Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Frequent and extensive use of various pesticides to control of common pistachio psylla (Agonoscenapistaciae), as one of the most important pests of pistachio, has provided the possibility of reduced susceptibility of this pest to pesticides. In this study, the susceptibility of 13 populations of A. pistaciae collected from pistachio orchards at areas of Bardaskan, Khalil Abad and Feiz Abad were studied to imidaclopridand to chlorpyrifos using bioassay experiments by leaf disc dipping method and based on the discriminating dose. The bioassay results indicated that the LC50 values of imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos on the susceptible population were determined as 261.2 and 83.03 ppm, respectively. The bioassay with discriminating dose (i.e. LC90 of the susceptible population) showed that all of the tested populations were susceptible to chlorpyrifos. But there were significant differences in susceptibility to imidacloprid between different populations compared to the susceptible one. The highest mortality percentage applying the discriminating dose was obtained for Kondor- susceptible population and the lowest one was related to Jalal-Abad, Zaher Abad and Kondor- resistant populations. The biochemical assays with measuring the esterase activity demonstrated that one of the mechanisms reduce susceptibility was an increase of esterase activity; so that, the activity of the susceptible population was 2.5 times less than that of populations that had low sensitivity. Furthermore, zymogram analysis showed that all populations had 2 enzyme bonds that qualitatively differ in the case of non-sensitive populations compared to the susceptible one. Measurement of glutathione S-transferase activity also showed that this enzyme system was involved in the reduction of the susceptibility of common pistachio psylla to imidacloprid.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agonoscena pistaciae
  • discriminating dose
  • Imidacloprid
  • Chlorpyrifos
  • Detoxify enzyme

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تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 11، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 15-29

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 خرداد 1400

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