کارآیی حشره‌کشی اختلاط ایمیداکلوپرید با برخی از کنه‌کش‌ها علیه شته جالیز Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از مخلوط آفت­کش­ها، یکی از راه­های مؤثر در کاهش هزینه­های سم­پاشی، کاهش مصرف آن­ها و جلوگیری از توسعه مقاومت در جمعیت آفات است. این در حالی است که با توجه به مخاطرات احتمالی، قبل از هرگونه توصیه به اختلاط آفت­کش­ها، می­بایست لزوم اختلاط و سازگاری­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن مورد بررسی دقیق قرار گیرد. در این مطالعه با توجه به هم­زمانی کنترل شته جالیز و کنه­های آفت گیاهی، کارآیی حشره‌کشی ایمیداکلوپرید (SC, 35%) در اختلاط با هریک از کنه­کش­های فن­پیروکسیمیت (SC, 5%)، اسپیرودیکلوفن (SC, 24%) و اتوکسازول (EC, 10%) روی پوره‌های سن سه شته­ی جالیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هم­چنین، سطح فعالیت آنزیم‌های سم­زدای استراز و گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز در حشرات تیمار شده با ترکیب آفت­کش­ها اندازه‌گیری شد. آزمایش‌های زیست­سنجی با استفاده از برج پاشش انجام گرفت. میزان LC50 حشره­کش ایمیداکلوپرید به تنهایی و در ترکیب با هریک از کنه­کش­های فن­پیروکسیمیت، اسپیرودیکلوفن  و اتوکسازول به­ترتیب 41/45، 91/84، 65/44 و 94/48 میلی­گرم بر لیتر محاسبه شد. هم­چنین، برآورد شاخص ترکیب (Combination Index) نشان­دهنده‌ اثر سینرژیستی هر کدام از کنه‌کش‌های اختلاط شده با ایمیداکلوپرید در کارآیی حشره‌کشی آن بود. بالاترین فعالیت سینرژیستی در غلظت­های بالاتر از LC30 گزارش شد و با افزایش غلظت آفت‌کش­ها در تیمارهای مخلوط، مقدار شاخص CI کاهش یافت. مقایسه فعالیت آنزیم‌های سم­زدای مورد بررسی نشان داد که میزان فعالیت این آنزیم­ها در تیمارهای مخلوط ایمیداکلوپرید: فن­پیروکسیمیت و ایمیداکلوپرید: اسپیرودیکلوفن بالاتر از تیمارهای ایمیداکلوپرید به تنهایی و مخلوط ایمیداکلوپرید: اتوکسازول بود. کم­ترین شاخص CI در غلطت LC50، مربوط به مخلوط­های ایمیداکلوپرید: اتوکسازول (529/0) و ایمیداکلوپرید: اسپیرودایکلوفن (545/0) بود که نشان از اثر سینرژیستی بیش‌تر داشت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کارآیی فرمولاسیون SC ایمیداکلوپرید در اختلاط با هر یک از کنه­کش­های مورد آزمایش برای کنترل شته جالیز افزایش یافته است. این در حالی است که مخلوط ایمیداکلوپرید: اتوکسازول بیش­ترین افزایش کارآیی حشره­کشی را نشان داده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficacy of imidacloprid mixture with some acaricides in control of melon aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Azarbou
  • M. Ghadamyari
  • J. Hajizadeh
  • E. Shafiei Alavijeh
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The use of pesticide mixtures is one of the effective ways to reduce spraying costs, reduce their consumption and prevent resistance development in the pest’s population. However, due to the potential hazards, before any recommendation to mix pesticides, the need for mixing and its physical and chemical compatibility should be carefully considered. In this study, due to the synchronicity of aphid control with acari pests, the insecticidal performance of mixtures of imidacloprid (SC 35%) with fenpyroximate (SC 5%), spirodiclofen (SC 24%) and etoxazole (EC 10%) were investigated on third instar nymphs of melon aphid, A. gossypii. Furthermore, the activity levels of detoxifying enzymes esterase and glutathione S-transferase was measured in treated insects with these compounds. Bioassay tests were performed with a Potter spray tower method. LC50 value of the imidacloprid alone and in combination with each of the acaricides of fenpyroximate, spirodiclofen and etoxazole were 45.41, 84.91, 44.65 and 48.94 mg/l, respectively. In addition, by estimating the Combination Index (CI), a synergistic effect was observed in the mixture of imidacloprid with each of the acaricides and the highest synergistic activity occurred at concentrations higher than LC30. In mixed treatments, the CI index decreased with increasing concentration. The results of detoxifying enzyme activities showed that the activity levels in mixture of imidacloprid: fenpyroximate and imidacloprid: spirodiclofen were higher than that of imidaloprid alone and mixture of imidacloprid: etoxazol. In this study, the lowest CI index at LC50 concentration, were for binary mixture of imidacloprid: etoxazol (0.529) and imidacloprid: spirodiclofen (0.545) that exhibited high synergistic effect. The results of this study showed that the effectivness of imidacloprid (SC) was increased for control melon aphid, when mixed with the tested acaricides. However, the mixture of imidacloprid: etoxazole showed the highest insecticidal performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Etoxazol
  • Fenpyroximate
  • Spirodiclofen
  • Combination index
  • Detoxifying enzymes

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تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 10، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 35-48

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 آذر 1399

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