کارآیی چند حشره‌کش در کنترل برگخوار چمن Spodoptera cilium در شرایط آزمایشگاه و مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

پروانه برگخوار چمن، Guenée  Spodoptera ciliumیکی از آفات چمن در فضای سبز مناطق جنوبی ایران و بسیاری از کشورهای جهان است. در این پژوهش، اثر چند حشره‌کش‌ شامل ایندوکساکارب، فن‌والریت، دیفلوبنزورون، ایمونیت® و بی­تی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و صحرایی علیه لاروهای کرم برگخوار چمن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. زیست­سنجی‌های آزمایشگاهی روی لاروهای سن سوم  با روش غوطه‌ورسازی برگ در محلول سمی در دمای ۲۵ درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی ۵±۶۰ درصد، دوره نوری  ۱۶:۸ ساعت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد مقادیر LC50از کم به زیاد مربوط به حشره‌کش‌های ایمونیت® (آلفاسایپرمترین+ تفلوبنزورون)، ایندوکساکارب، دیفلوبنزورون و فن‌والریت،48 ساعت پس از تیماربه ترتیب  7/27، 60، 8/187 و 0/1057 پی­پی­ام بود. در آزمایش دوم، برگ­های چمن به روش غوطه‌ورسازی برگ در غلظت‌های توصیه شده حشره‌کش‌ها و نصف آن‌ها تیمار شدند. سپس، تلفات لاروهای سن دوم و چهارم برگخوار روزانه تا پنج روز شمارش شد. بیشترین درصد تلفات لارو سن دوم، یک روز پس از تیمار مربوط به غلظت توصیه شده ایندوکساکارب، فن‌والریت و ایمونیت® به ترتیب با میانگین 0/1 ±0/99، 3/2 ±0/92، و 0/1 ±0/89 درصد بود؛ در همین زمان بیشترین درصد تلفات لارو سن چهارم به ترتیب توسط غلظت کشنده ایمونیت® و ایندوکساکارب با میانگین 0/2 ±0/58 و 9/5 ±0/56 درصد بود. بیشترین کاهش درصد خسارت در آزمایش صحرایی، 19 روز پس از سمپاشی به ترتیب در غلظت توصیه شده ایمونیت® و ایندوکساکارب و 0/1 ±0/6 و 0/0 ±0/28  درصد بود. با توجه به نتایج، حشره‌کش‌های ایمونیت® و ایندوکساکارب به خوبی توانستند باعث کنترل جمعیت و کاهش خسارت S. cilium شوند و می­توانند در برنامه­های کنترل این آفت استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficacy of different insecticides in control of Spodoptera cilium in laboratory and field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Hatami
  • A. A. Seraj
  • M. Ziaee
  • M. Mehrabi-Koushki
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Spodoptera cilium Guenee is one of the pests of grasses in the landscape of the southern regions of Iran and many countries of the world. In this study, the effects of some insecticides, including, indoxacarb, fanvalerate, diflubenzuron, Imunit® (Alpha Cypermethrin +Teflubenzuron) and Bt were investigated against larvae of S. cilium in laboratory and field conditions. The laboratory bioassays were performed by leaf dipping method at 250C, 60±5% RH, and 16:8 light: dark conditions. The results indicated the LC50 values from low to high of imunit®, indoxacarb, diflubenzuron and fanvalerate, 48 h after lavae exposure were 27.7, 60, 187.8 and 1057.0 ppm, respectivley. In the second experiment, grass leaves were treated with recommended and half recommended concentration of tested insecticides using leaf dipping method. Then, the mortality of second and fourth instar larvae were counted daily up to five days. A day after exposure, the highest mortality percentage of the second instar larvae was related to the recommended concentration of indoxacarb, fenvalerate and imunit®, respectively, with 99.0±1.0, 92.0±2.3 and 89.0±1.0%, respectively. In this time, the highest mortality level of fourth instar larvae was related to the recommended concentration of imunit® and indoxacarb with the mortality of 58.0±2.0% and 56.0±5.9%, respectively. The greatest reduction in the damage percentage in the field test was reported 19 days after spraying is related to the recommended concentration of indoxacarb, and imunit® with 6.0±1.0 and 28.0±0.0%, respectively. According to our results, immunit and indoxacarb have been shown to control the population and reduce the damage of S. cilium, and can be used in this pest control programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grass
  • insecticides
  • Spodoptera cilium
  • control

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