نوسان‌های جمعیت مراحل نابالغ رشدی و تعیین مناسب‌ترین ناحیه گیاهی برای نمونه‌برداری از بید گوجه‌فرنگی Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lep.: Gelechiidae) در شرایط گلخانه در جیرفت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

بید گوجه­فرنگی،  Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lep.: Gelechiidae)آفتی است که از سال 1389 وارد کشور شده و به سرعت در مناطق مختلف از جمله جیرفت گسترش یافته است. نظر به سطح زیر کشت قابل توجه گلخانه­های گوجه­‌فرنگی در این منطقه، ناشناخته بودن و قدرت خسارت­زایی بسیار بالای بید گوجه‌فرنگی، مطالعه نوسان­های جمعیت و تعیین بهترین ناحیه گیاهی برای نمونه­برداری از جمعیت افراد نابالغ این آفت جهت اتخاذ تصمیم­های مدیریتی، بسیار مهم است. در این مطالعه، با کشت گیاه گوجه­فرنگی در شرایط گلخانه، اقدام به نمونه­برداری هفتگی از مراحل مختلف رشدی حشره شامل تخم، لارو و دالان­های لاروی به شیوه بررسی بوته­ و نمونه­برداری از برگ­ها شد. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت این حشره از اواسط فصل رشد (اواسط بهمن ماه) در گلخانه مشاهده شده و به­تدریج تراکم جمعیت رو به فزونی نهاده و اوج جمعیت در فروردین و اردیبهشت می‌باشد که در این مدت 5-4 نسل نیز ایجاد می‌نماید. با ارزیابی داده­های حاصل از نمونه­برداری­ مشخص شد که بیش‌ترین میزان تخم­ریزی حشره در نیمه بالایی بوته­ها و به طور عمده در سطح زیرین برگ­ها صورت می­گیرد. علاوه بر این، نتایج نشان داد که نمونه­برداری از دالان­های لاروی نسبت به شمارش مراحل زیستی حشره از دقت بالاتری در تخمین جمعیت آفت برخوردار است. هم‌چنین، بر اساس آزمون همبستگی مشخص شد که بین تغییرات میانگین تعداد لارو و دالان­های لاروی در نیمه فوقانی بوته­ها، همبستگی مثبت و بیش از دو بخش دیگر بوته وجود دارد و می­توان تنها با نمونه­برداری از برگ­ها در این قسمت و شمارش تعداد دالان­ها برآوردی از جمعیت لاروهای فعال به دست آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Population fluctuation of pre- adult stages and determining the most suitable plant area for sampling of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lep.: Gelechiidae) under greenhouse conditions in Jiroft

نویسنده [English]

  • P. Namvar
Plant Protection Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lep.: Gelechiidae) is a invasive pest for country since 2010 and spread rapidly in different regions including Jiroft. Regarding the increased area of tomato cultivation under greenhouses conditions in this region, the unknown status of pest and its high potential for damage, the study of population fluctuation and determining the best area of the plant for sampling of pre-adult stages is very important to make reliable management decisions. In this study in a tomato cultivated greenhouse, leaves were weekly sampled to check various stages of insect growth including eggs, larvae, and leaf mines. The results showed that the insect activity observed from the middle of growing season and population density gradually increased to its peak in April and May. During this period of time, it reproduces 4-5 generations. The highest number of insect eggs was found on the upper half of the plants and mainly in the lower surface of the leaves. In addition, it was revealed that the sampling of leaf mines was more accurate than counting different developmental stages in estimating the population density of this pest. Based on Correlation test, it was found that there is a positive correlation between the changes in the number of leaf mines and density of larval population in the upper half of the plant. Accordingly, the population density of larvae can be estimated only by sampling the leaves in this section and counting the number of leaf mines.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tomato leaf miner
  • Population fluctuation
  • Sampling
  • Generations
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