برخی پاسخ‌های بیوشیمیایی پسته به تغذیه پسیل معمولی پسته، Agonoscena pistaciae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

پسیل معمولی پسته Agonoscena pistaciae مهم­ترین آفت درختان پسته است که خسارت زیادی به محصول پسته وارد می­سازد. در این مطالعه برخی پاسخ­های فیزیولوژیکی­- بیوشیمیایی پسته رقم اکبری در زمان­های مختلف تغذیه (از 2 تا 192 ساعت) پسیل پسته بررسی شد. محتوای هیدروژن­پراکسید به عنوان شاخص تنش، بین تیمارها اختلاف معنی­دار نداشت (به جز تیمارهای 2 و 96 ساعت). همچنین تغذیه پسیل معمولی پسته موجب کاهش معنی­دار در فعالیت آنزیم­های دفاعی سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و کاتالاز شد. کمترین میزان فعالیت برای سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، کاتالاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در 144 و 192 ساعت مشاهده شد و اختلاف معنی­دار بود. تغذیه آفت موجب افزایش معنی­دار در میزان پروتئین کل شد و کمترین غلظت در زمان صفر مشاهده شد. میزان فنل کل پس از تغذیه پسیل افزایش یافت. تغذیه آفت اثر معنی­دار بر کربوهیدرات محلول کل نداشت. میزان رنگدانه­ها، در زمان­های مختلف تغذیه نوسان داشت. افزایش آن در 144 ساعت حاکی از رشد مطلوب گیاه در شرایط تنش است. بیشترین میزان کاروتنوئیدها، فنل کل و پروتئین کل در تیمار زمانی 144 ساعت با کمترین فعالیت آنزیم­های دفاعی در این زمان همراه بود. نتایج نشان می­دهد ترکیب مناسبی از آنتی­اکسیدان­های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی منجر به حفاظت گیاه و تنظیم هموستازی در مقابله با شرایط تنش شده­اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Some biochemical responses of pistachio to feeding of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Ganji 1
  • V. Hosseini Naveh 1
  • A. Ashouri 1
  • R. Maali Amiri 2
1 Department of plant protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae is the most important pest of pistachio trees which causes serious damage to pistachio crops. In the present study, we investigated some physiological-biochemical responses of pistachio Akbari cultivar at different feeding periods (2 to 192 h). Hydrogen peroxide contents as stress index had no significant differences between treatments (except for 2 and 96 h treatments). Also a significant decrease was gained in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The lowest activity of SOD, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) observed at 144 and 192 h. The amount of total protein increased significantly in response to the pest feeding and the lowest concentration observed at the onset of experiment. Total phenolic content increased following psylla feeding while no significant changes observed in total soluble carbohydrates. Amount of the pigments fluctuated in different times of feeding and their elevation after 144 h indicated optimal plant growth under stress conditions. The highest amounts of carotenoids, total phenolic content and total protein after 144 h were associated with the lowest activities of defensive enzymes. Our results showed an appropriate combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants leads to plant conservation and homeostasis regulation under stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Induced resistance
  • pistachio
  • Pistachia vera
  • common pistachio psylla
  • Agonoscena pistaciae
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