بررسی مقاومت کنه قرمز مرکبات Panonychus citri به کنه‌کش بروموپروپیلات و تاثیر سه نوع سینرژیست روی سطح مقاومت آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

ویژگی­ های زیست­ شناسی کنه قرمز مرکبات، (Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae مانند دوره زندگی، نتاج فراوان و تولیدمثل نرزایی باعث شده تا توانایی بالایی در گسترش مقاومت به کنه­کش­ها داشته باشد. یکی از ترکیبات توصیه شده توسط سازمان حفظ نباتات برای کنترل کنه قرمز مرکبات، بروموپروپیلات است. در این تحقیق میزان مقاومت این کنه به بروموپروپیلات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمون ­های زیست ­سنجی سموم و سینرژیست­ها با برج پاشش انجام شد. نتایج نشان­ دهنده مقاومت 63/10 برابری این کنه نسبت به بروموپروپیلات می باشد. پیش ­تیمار جمعیت حساس (SP) کنه قرمز مرکبات با بازدارنده سیتوکروم اکسیداز (PBO)، بازدارنده استراز (TPP) و بازدارنده گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز (DEM) سمیت بروموپروپیلات را به­ ترتیب 58/5، 89/5 و 59/4 برابر افزایش داد، در حالی­ که این نسبت­ ها برای جمعیت مقاوم (RP) به ­ترتیب 44/2، 51/2 و 38/2 برابر بود. نتایج آزمون­ های سینرژیستی نشان­ دهنده ­ی عدم دخالت آنزیم­ های استرازی، گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز و مونواکسیژناز در مقاومت به بروموپروپیلات می­ باشند. هرچند که میزان فعالیت سیستم مونواکسیژناز، آلفا-، بتا- استراز و گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز در جمعیت مقاوم به ­ترتیب 39/1، 70/1، 83/1 و 34/1 برابر بیش­تر از جمعیت حساس بود. اندازه­ گیری فراسنجه­ های کینتیکی نشان­ دهنده تغییر کیفی در آنزیم­ های استرازی و گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفرازی می ­باشد. دلیل افزایش فعالیت آنزیم­ های سم­ زدا ممکن است ناشی از کاربرد کنه­ کش­ هایی باشد که علیه جمعیت مقاوم در باغ ­های مرکبات به ­کار برده ­شده ­است. بنابراین به احتمال سازوکارهایی غیر از مقاومت متابولیکی مانند غیرحساس شدن مکان هدف یا کاهش نفوذ، دلیل بروز مقاومت می­ باشد. برای جلوگیری از توسعه بیشتر مقاومت ضروری است علاوه بر کاهش مصرف بروموپروپیلات، از کنه­ کش­ هایی با شیوه تاثیر متفاوت استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey on bromopropylate acaricide resistance in the citrus red spider mite, Panonychus citri and the effect of three synergists on its resistance

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Emami
  • M. Ghadamyari
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht-Iran
چکیده [English]

Biological characteristics of Panonychus citri such as life cycle, abundant progeny and arrhenotoky, have provided the pest a high potential to develop acaricidal resistance. Bromopropylate is recommended by Iranian Plant Protection Organization to control P. citri. In this study, resistance of p. citri to bromopropylate was investigated. Bioassay and synergists tests were performed with a Potter spray tower method. Results showed a resistance of 10.63 fold to bromopropylate in resistant population (RP). Pre-treatment of susceptible population (SP) of P. citri adult with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, PBO, the esterase inhibitor, TPP, and glutathione-S-transferases inhibitor, DEM, increased bromopropylate toxicity by 5.58, 5.89 and 4.59-fold, respectively, while, these ratios were as 2.44, 2.51 and 2.38-fold, respectively, for RP. The overall lower synergism in RP compared with susceptible population by DEM, PBO and TPP suggests that glutathione-S-transferases, esterases and monooxygenase are not an important factor in resistance. The results of biochemical tests revealed that the activities of monoxygenase, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in the resistant population was 1.39, 1.70, 1.83, and 1.34- fold higher than that of susceptible population, respectively. Estimation of kinetic parameters showed qualitative changes in esterase and GST. The increased activities of detoxification enzymes may be caused by application of different acaricides which are used for control of this pest in citrus gardens. Therefore, other resistance mechanisms such as reduced penetration and target site insensitivity likely is involved in the resistance. Reduced bromopropylate application as well as application of acaricides with different mode of actions are necessary for avoiding resistance development. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resistance
  • Acaricides
  • Citrus red mite
  • Synergist
  • Detoxification enzymes
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