اثرات حشره‌کش‌های اسپیروتترامات، استامی‌پرید، پیریمیکارب و فلونیکامید روی زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Braconidae) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

بررسی اثرات جانبی حشره­کش­ها روی دشمنان طبیعی آفات ضروری به­نظر می­رسد. در این پژوهش، سمیت حشره­کش­های اسپیروتترامات، استامی­پرید، پیریمیکارب و فلونیکامید روی زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به­علاوه، اثر زیرکشنده­ی حشره­کش­ها روی واکنش تابعی پارازیتوئید نسبت به تراکم­های 2، 4، 8، 16، 32 و 64 پوره سن سوم شته سیاه باقلا، Aphis fabae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. برای تعیین سمیت حشره­کش­ها روی حشرات کامل پارازیتوئید، از روش زیست سنجی تماس با باقی­مانده حشره­کش­ها استفاده شد. به­منظور ارزیابی واکنش تابعی پارازیتوئید، ماده­های جفت­گیری کرده که کمتر از 12 ساعت عمر داشتند، در معرض سطح آغشته به غلظت LC25 حشره­کش­های مذکور و آب مقطر به­عنوان شاهد در استوانه­های شیشه­ای قرار گرفتند. آزمایش­ها در 15 تکرار انجام شد. میزان LC50 حشره­کش­های استامی­پرید، پیریمیکارب و فلونیکامید به­ترتیب 5/22، 6/75 و 1/302 پی­پی­ام بود. در مورد حشره­کش اسپیروتترامات تا سه برابر غلظت مزرعه­ای (500 پی­پی­ام)، حداکثر 16 درصد تلفات مشاهده شد. واکنش تابعی در شاهد و تیمارهای حشره­کش از نوع دوم بود. قدرت جستجوگری (a) در شاهد و تیمارهای اسپیروتترامات، استامی­پرید، پیریمیکارب و فلونیکامید به­ترتیب 01/0±0689/0، 01/0±0480/0، 06/0±0272/0، 01/0±0475/0 و 01/0±0532/ 0 بار در ساعت و زمان دستیابی (Th) به­ترتیب 04/0±4322/0، 06/0±5148/0، 18/0±1004/1، 08/0±4558/0 و 04/0±4601/0 ساعت تخمین زده شد. طبق نتایج به­دست آمده، حشره­کش­های اسپیروتترامات، فلونیکامید و پیریمیکارب در مقایسه با استامی­پرید، اثرات جانبی کمتری روی پارازیتوئید L. fabarum داشتند و گزینه­های مناسبی برای کنترل شته A. fabae در تلفیق با پارازیتوئید L. fabarum هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of spirotetramat, acetamiprid, pirimicarb and flonicamid on parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Braconidae) under laboratory conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Amini Jam 1
  • S. Kabiri Dehkordi 2
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karadj, Iran
چکیده [English]

It is necessary to investigate side effects of insecticides on natural enemies of pests. In this study, toxicity of spirotetramat, acetamiprid, pirimicarb and flonicamid was investigated on parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall). Furthermore, sublethal effect of the insecticides were evaluated on the functional response of the parasitoid to densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 of third instar nymphs of Aphis fabae Scopoli under laboratory conditions. Residual bioassay method was used to determine the toxicity of the insecticides on parasitoid adults. For functional response assay, mated females (< 12 h old) were exposed to LC25 of mentioned insecticides and distilled water as control in glass tube. Experiments were conducted in 15 replicates. The LC50 values of acetamiprid, pirimicarb and flonicamid were 22.5, 75.6 and 302.1 ppm, respectively. The mortality was 16% at three times the field rate (500 ppm) of spirotetramat. Functional response on control and insecticides treatments fitted the type II. Attack rate (a) in control, spirotetramat, acetamiprid, pirimicarb and flonicamid treatments were estimated 0.0689±0.01, 0.0480±0.01, 0.0272±0.06, 0.0475±0.01 and 0.0532±0.01 h-1 and handling time (Th) were 0.4322±0.04, 0.5148±0.06, 1.1004±0.18, 0.4558±0.08 and 0.4601±0.04 h, respectively. The results indicated that spirotetramat, flonicamid and pirimicarb had lower side effects on L. fabarum in comparison with acetamiprid and they are suitable candidates for controlling A. fabae in combination with L. fabarum.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sublethal effect
  • broad bean aphid
  • attack rate
  • handling time
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