اثر حشره‌کش‌های گیاهی دایابون® و پالیزین® روی شته (Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hem.: Aphididae و واکنش تابعی زنبور پارازیتوئید آن (Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Braconidae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، ایران.

چکیده

حشره­ کش ­های گیاهی یکی از ابزارهای مدیریت تلفیقی آفات هستند و بررسی اثر آن ها روی آفات و اثرات جانبی ­شان روی دشمنان طبیعی آفات ضروری به­ نظر می ­رسد. در این پژوهش، سمیت دو حشره ­کش ­گیاهی دایابون® و پالیزین® روی پوره­ های سن سوم و بالغین شته Aphis fabae Scopoli  و مرحله شفیرگی زنبور پارازیتوئید آن، (Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به ­علاوه، اثر حشره ­کش­ های مذکور روی واکنش تابعی زنبور پارازیتوئید ارزیابی شد. همه آزمایش ­ها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. میزان LC50 حشره ­کش ­های دایابون® و پالیزین® روی پوره­ های سن سوم A. fabae، به ­ترتیب 2/750 و 3/636 پی ­پی ­ام بود. مقادیر LC50حشره­ کش­ ها برای بالغین به ­ترتیب 04/1302 و 8/1062 پی ­پی ­ام بود. میانگین نرخ ظهور زنبورهای پارازیتوئید بالغ به ­ترتیب 03/2 ± 33/91، 2/3 ± 08/86 و 55/2 ± 74/89 درصد برای تیمارهای شاهد، دایابون® و پالیزین® بود. حشره ­کش ­ها زادآوری زنبورهای ماده بقا یافته را در مقایسه با شاهد، تحت تاثیر قرار ندادند (05/0< P). براساس استاندارد سازمان بین ­المللی برای کنترل بیولوژیک (IOBC)، دایابون® و پالیزین® در گروه حشره ­کش­ های بی ­زیان قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که در همه تیمارها واکنش تابعی از نوع دوم است. قدرت جستجوگری (a) زنبور L. fabarum در تیمارهای شاهد، دایابون® و پالیزین® به ­ترتیب 075/0، 050/0 و 056/0 (بر ساعت) و زمان دستیابی (Th) 459/0، 515/0 و 482/0 ساعت بود. اختلاف معنی ­داری در پارامترهای واکنش تابعی بین تیمارهای حشره ­کش­ ها و شاهد مشاهده نشد. نتایج به ­دست آمده، نشان داد که حشره­ کش­ های دایابون® و پالیزین® گزینه ­های مناسبی برای کنترل شته سیاه باقلا در تلفیق با زنبور پارازیتوئید L. fabarum هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of botanical insecticides, Dayabon® and Palizin® against Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hem.: Aphididae) and functional response of its parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Braconidae)

نویسنده [English]

  • N. Amini Jam
Department of Basic Sciences, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
چکیده [English]

Botanical insecticides are one of the tools in integrated pest management programs. It is necessary to investigate their effect against pests and their side effects on natural enemies of pests. In this research, toxicity of two botanical insecticides, Dayabon® and Palizin® were investigated against third instar nymphs and adults of Aphis fabae Scopoli as well as pupal stage of its parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall). Furthermore, effect of the insecticides were evaluated on the functional response of L. fabarum. All experiments were done under laboratory conditions. These insecticides were highly toxic for third instar nymphs of A. fabae with LC50 values of 750.2 and 636.3 ppm for Dayabon® and Palizin®, respectively. The LC50 values of the insecticides were 1302.04 and 1062.8 ppm, respectively, for adults. Mean adult parasitoid wasp emergence were 86.08 ± 3.2, 89.74 ± 2.55 and 91.33 ± 2.03%, respectively, for Dayabon®, Palizin® and control treatments at pupal stage. The insecticides had no adverse effect on fecundity of emerged females. According to International Organization for Biological Control, Dayabon® and Palizin® were classified as harmless insecticides. The results revealed the type II functional response in all experiments. Attack rate (a) of L. fabarum in control, Dayabon® and Palizin® treatments were 0.075, 0.050 and 0.056 h-1 and handling time (Th) were 0.459, 0.515 and 0.482 h, respectively. There were no differences in the functional response parameters between the treatments. These results suggest that Dayabon® and Palizin® are suitable candidates for control of A.fabae in combination with L. fabarum.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Toxicity
  • black bean aphid
  • attack rate
  • handling time
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