Effect of different amount of flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella eggs and second feeding on its larva production in insectarium condition

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Mediterranean flour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) is considered as one of the hosts that used for mass rearing of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.: Braconidae). In this research effects of five amounts of flour moth eggs (0.4, 0.5, 6.0, 0.7 and 0.8 gr) on a constant diet (1.5 kg of wheat flour and 0.5 kg of rice bran) and five amount of wheat flour that added as second feeding at the mid of rearing period (0, 0.25, 0.5 0.75 and 1 kg) were investigated on some larval morphological characteristics and sex ratio and fertility of adults moths. Results showed that maximum weight of 100 larvae (3.35 gr), was obtained in minimum amount of egg weight (0.4 gr) and maximum secondary feeding (1 kg). While, maximum total larvae weight in a treatment (254 gr), was recorded in 0.8 gr egg weight and 1 kg flour weight as secondary feeding. Also highest female/male sex ratio (1.29: 1) observed in 0.5 gr egg weight and zero secondary feeding. On the other hand, bigger larvae that reared on higher amount of flour, laid higher amount of eggs and their eggs were heavier too. According to results, for the best outcome in flour moth rearing in insectarium it would be suggested that at the beginning 0.4-0.5 gr of insect eggs should be added to 2 kg of rearing media and after that 0.8-1 kg of wheat flour should be added to this diet at the mid of rearing period.

Keywords


Amaral Filho, B. F. and Habib, M. E. M. 1990. Biologia de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera, Phyctidae). Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba 65: 133-143.
Bai, B., Luck, R. F., Forster, L., Stephens, B. and Janssen, J. M. 1992. The effect of host size on quality attributes of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 64(1): 37-48.
Bauerfeind, S. S. and Fischer, K. 2005. Effects of food stress and density in different life stages on reproduction in a butterfly. Oikos 111: 514-524.
Ben-Lalli, A., Méot, J. M., Collignan, A. and Bohuon, P. 2011. Modelling heat-disinfestation of dried fruits on “biological model” larvae Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller). Food Research International 44(1): 156-166.
Bhavanam, S. P., Wang, Q. and He, X. Z. 2012. Effect of nutritional stress and larval crowding on survival, development and reproductive output of Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella Zeller. New Zealand Plant Protection 65: 138-141.
Borzoui, E., Naseri, B., Mohammadzadeh-Bidarani, M., 2016. Adaptation of Habrobracon hebetor (hymenoptera: braconidae) to rearing on Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Insect Science 16: 12-20.
Brower, J. H. 1983. Eggs of stored-product Lepidoptera as hosts for Trichogramma evanescens (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). BioControl 28: 355-361.
Cerutti F., Bigler, F., Eden, G. and Bosshart, S. 1992. Optimal larval density and quality control aspects in mass rearing of the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella Zell. (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 114: 353-361.
Fantinou, A. A., Perdikis, D. C. and Stamogiannis, N. 2008. Effect of larval crowding on the life history traits of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). European Journal of Entomology 105: 625-630.
Ghanbari, Y. and Barghi, H. 2008. Iran's main challenges in sustainable agricultural development. Rahbord Yas 16: 218-234.
Hooper, H. L., Sibly, R. M, Hutchinson, T. H. and Maund, S. J. 2003. The influence of larval density, food availability and habitat longevity on the life history and population growth rate of the midge Chironomus riparius. Oikos 102: 515- 524.
Jimenez-Perez, A. and Wang, Q. 2004. Effect of body weight on reproductive performance in Cnephasia jactatana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 17: 511-522.
Jones, R. E., Hart, J. R. and Bull, G. D. 1982. Temperature, size and egg production in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae L. Australian Journal of Zoology 30: 223-232.
Keddy, P. A. 2001. Competition. Springer Science and Business Media. 552 pp.
Kurtuluş, A., Pehlivan, S., Achiri, T. D. and Atakan, E. 2020. Influence of different diets on some biological parameters of the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 85: 101554- 101555.
Peters, T. M. and Barbosa, P. 1977. Influence of population density on size, fecundity, and developmental rate of insects in culture. Annual Reviews of Entomology 22: 431-450.
Safa, M., Yazdanian, M. and Sarailoo, M. H. 2014. Larval feeding from some artificial diets and its effects on biological parameters of the Mediterranean flour moth. Munis Entomology and Zoology 9(2): 678-686.
Savoldelli, S. 2006. Cannibalistic behaviour of the first and second instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Cadra cautella (Walker), Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under starvation. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura 38: 115-125.
Scholler, M. and Prozell, S. 2002. Response of Trichogramma evanescens to the main sex pheromone component of Anagasta spp. and Plodia interpunctella, (Z, E) -9, 12- tetra – decadenyl acetate (ZETA). Journal of Stored Production Research 38: 177 -184.
Sedaghati, M. 1992. Sustainable agricultural systems and their role in natural source protection and exploitation, Iran. Proceeding of the 6th Seminar on Agricultural Extension, 3 June, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Iran. (in Farsi)
Sharifian, I., Sabahi, Q. and Khoshabi, J. 2015. Functional response of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) feeding on two different prey species. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 48(17-20): 910-920.
Stouthamer, R. and Kazmer, D. J. 1994. Cytogenetics of microbe-associated parthenogenesis and its consequences for gene flow in Trichogramma wasps. Heredity 73: 317-327.
Stouthamer, R., Pinto, J. D., Platner, G. R. and Luck, R. F. 1994. Taxonomic status of thelytokous forms of Trichogramma, Annals of the Entomological Society of America 83: 475-481.
Tammaru, T., Kaitaniemi, P. and Ruohomaki, K. 1996. Realized fecundity in Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): relation to body size and consequences to population dynamics. Oikos 77: 407-416.
Vaez, N., Nouri, Gh., Iranipour, Sh., Mashhadi Jafarloo, M. and Asghari Zakaria, R. 2009. Necessity of encountering Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko wasps reared on alternative hosts, cereal moth Sitotroga cerealella Hubner and flour moth Anagasta kuehniella Zeller to target pest bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hubner prior to release. Agricultural Science 19(1): 317-332. (in Farsi)
Weiru, Z. and Ren, W. 1989. Rearing of Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) with natural and artificial diets. Chinese journal of Biological Control 5: 9-12.
Xu, J. 2010. Reproductive behavior of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand.
Xu, J., Wang, Q. and He, X. Z. 2007. Influence of larval density on biological fitness of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). New Zealand Plant Protection 60: 199-202.