Functional response of Orius niger on healthy and Beauveria bassiana-treated two-spotted spider mite on cucumber

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Study of behavioral parameters and functional response of predators is an important process in selecting these agents for biological control programs. In case of simultaneous use of these predatory insects with entomopathogens, behavioral reactions of predator may be altered. In this study, type of functional response of the predator, Orius niger (Hem.: Anthocoridae) was determined on the healthy adult female mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and on the Beauveriabassiana-treated mites atthe four time intervals 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours at different densities of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 at 25 ± 1 ° C, 65 ± 5% RH and 16:8h (L:D) photoperiod. The results showed functional response of this predatory bug on untreated mites was type III while it was type II in other treatments. Comparison of searching efficiency and handling time in control with fungus treatments at various time intervals was only non-significant between control and 0 hour in searching efficiency and between control and 24 hours in handling time post-inoculation. The maximum attack rate (T/Th) in two treatments of 48 and 72 hours was reduced and was significantly different from other treatments; concomitantly handling time of predator was increased. These results suggest the effect of entomopathogenic fungus on behavioral reactions of predatory bug, O. niger.

Keywords

References

Allahyari, H., Fard P. A. and Nozari, J. 2004. Effects of host on functional response of offspring in two populations of Trissolcus grandis on the Sunn pest. Journal of Applied Entomology 128: 39–43.
Bazzocchi, G. G. and Burgio, G. 2000. Functional response of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) at two constant temperatures. Bollettino dell Istituto di Entomologia Guido Grandi 54: 13-21.
Berryman, Alan, A. 1999.Principles of population dynamics and their applicaton (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis, London, P. 400.
Coll, M. and Ridgway, R. L. 1995. Functional and numerical response of Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) to its prey in different vegetable crops. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88: 732-738.
Guevara-Coto, J. A., Barboza-Vargas, N., Hernandez-Jimenez, E., Hammond, R. W. and Ramirez-Fonseca, P. 2011. Bemisia tabaci biotype Q is present in Costa Rica. European Journal of Plant Pathology131: 2167-170.
Hajek, A. E. andDelalibera Jr. I. 2010. Fungal pathogens as classical biological control agents against arthropods. BioControl 55: 147–158.
Hughes, W. H. O., Petersen, K. S., Ugelvig, I. V., Pedersen, D., Thomsen, L. and Poulsen, M. 2004. Density- dependence and within-host competition in a semelparous parasite of leaf-cutting ants. BMC Evolutionary Biology 4: 45.
Holling, C. S. 1966. The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 48: 1-86.
Juliano, S. A. 2001. Nonlinear curve fitting: Predation and functional response curves. In Scheiner, S. M. and Gurevitch, J. (Eds.). Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments (2nd ed.) Oxford University Press, New York, USA. pp.178-196.
Karimi, A. 2006. Effect of host plants (cucumber and strawberry) on the Tetranychus urticae fitness and searching behavior of predatory bug, Orius albidipennis. Msc. thesis, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 121 pp. [In Persian].
Montoya, P., Liedo, P., Benrey, B., Barrera, J. F., Cancino, J. and Aluja, M. 2000.Functional response and superparasitism by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America93(1): 47-54.
Meyling, N. V., Pell, J. K. and Eilenberg, J. 2006. Dispersal of Beauveria bassiana by the activity of nettle insect predator. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 93: 121-126.
OʼNeil, R. J. 1990. Functional response of arthropod predators and its role in the biological control of insect pests in agricultural systems. New Directions in Biological Control: 83-96.
Pourian, H. R., Talaei-Hassanloui, R., Kosari, A. A. and Ashouri, A. 2011. Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on searching, feeding and predation by Orius albidipennis (Hem.: Anthocoridae) on Thrips tabaci (Thy.: Thripidae) larvae. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21(1): 15-21.
Rogers, D. 1972.Random search and insect population models. Journal of Animal Ecology41: 369-383.
Roy, J. E. and Pell, J. K. 2000. Interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and other natural enemies: implications for biological control. Biocontrol Science and Technology 10: 737-752.
Sagarra, L. A., Vincent, C, Peters, N. F. and Stewart, P. K. 2000. Effect of host density, temperature, and photoperiod on the fitness of Anagyrus kamali, a parasitoid of the hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 96: 141-147.
SAS Institute. 2003. The SAS system for Windows, Release 9.0. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Seiedy, M., Saboori, A. R., Allahyari, H., Talaei-Hassanloui, R. and Tork, M. 2012. Functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on untreated and Beauveria bassiana treated adults of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 25: 543–553.
SigmaPlot 12. 2012. Mystat 12 statistical analysis software from Systat Software Inc. Release 1 Publications – English (pdf).
Skirvin, D. J. and Fenlon, J. S. 2003. The effect of temperature on the functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: phytoseiidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology 31: 37-49.
Solomon. M. E. 1949. The natural control of animal population. Journal of Animal Ecology 18: 1-35.
Sullivan, B. T. and Berisford, C. W. 2004. Semiochemicals from fungal associates of bark beetles may mediate host location behavior of parasitoids. Journal of Chemical Ecology30: 703-717.
Tashiro, H. 1967. Self-watering acrylic for confining insects and mites on detached leaves. Journal of Economic Entomology 74: 213–213.
Trexler, J. C., McCulloch, C. E. and Travis, J. 1988. How can functional response best be determined? Oecologia 76: 206–214.  
Van den Meiracker R. A. F. 1999. Biocontrol of western flower thrips by heteropteran bugs. PhD dissertation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 147 pp.
Wang, L., Huang, J., You, M. and Liu, B. 2004. Time-dose-mortality modeling and virulence indices for six strains of Verticillium lecanii against sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Journal of Applied Entomology 128: 494-500.
Wekesa, V. W., Moraes, G. J., Knapp, M. and Delalibera-Jr, I. 2007. Interaction of two natural enemies of Tetranychus evansi, the fungal pathogen Neozygites floridana (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) and predatory mite, Phytoseiulus longipes (Acari: Phytoseiidae). BioControl 41: 408-414.
Xu, L. D., Juan, T. and Zuo-Rui, S. 2007. Functional response of the predator Scolothrips takahashii to hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis: effect of age and temperature. BioControl 52: 41–61.
Plant Pest Research
Volume 6, Issue 3
December 2016
Pages 51-63

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 December 2016
  • Accept Date: 19 December 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics