Population density and spatial distribution of immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Bruchidae) on cowpea in Tehran region

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

       Population density, sampling program and spatial distribution pattern of the eggs and larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea (var. Parastoo) were determined in Tehran region. Bean pod was selected as a sample unit and the reliable sample size with maximum relative variation of 20% was obtained 50. Taylor's power law and Iwao's patchiness regression, Index of dispersion and Lloyd's mean crowding methods were used for determining the spatial distribution pattern of eggs and larvae of the pest. The relationship between length and diameter of pods with number of laid eggs was determined using linear regression. There was significant positive relationship between number of eggs and the length of pods. The relationship between number of eggs and diameter of pods was also significantly positive. There was no significant relationship between number of larvae and length/diameter of bean pods. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of immature stages of pest using Taylor's method, index of dispersion and Lloyd's mean crowding was aggregated. Occurrence of the pest in field was observed early summer and irregular population fluctuation was recorded during growing season. 

Keywords

References

Arbogast, R. T. and Mullen, M. A. 1978.Spatial distribution of eggs by ovipositing Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Researches on Population Ecology (Kyoto) 19: 148-154.
Arbogast, R. T. and Mullen, M. A. 1987.Dynamics of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in a small bulk of stored grain. Researches on Population Ecology (Kyoto) 29: 1-15.
Bagheri-Zenouz, E. 1986. Les animaux nuisibles aux produits entreposes. Vol. 1. Les Colepteres depredateures de Produits alimentaires et industriels. Edition de sepehre. Tehran, 309 pp. (In Farsi).
Boeve, P. J. and Weiss, M. 1998. Spatial distribution and sampling plans with fixed levels of precision for cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting spring wheat. The Canadian Entomologist 130: 67-77.
Fax, C. W. and Dingle, H. 1994.  Dietary mediation of maternal age effects on offspring performance in a seed beetle (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Functional Ecology 8: 600-606.
Ghadiri, V. and Samizadeh Lahiji, H. 2001. Investigation on the timing of chemical control of Four-Spotted bean weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) (Col. Bruchidae) in cowpea field in Karaj region. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 69: 135-140. (In Farsi).
Giga, D. P. and Smith, R. H. 1893. Comparative life history studies of four Callosobruchus spp. infesting cowpea with special reference to Callosobruchus rhodesianus. Journal of Stored Products Research 19: 189-198.
Gonzalez-Santarosa, M. G., Bautista-Martinez, N., Romero-Napoles, J., Rebollar-Alviter, A., Carrillo-Sanchez, J. L. and Hernandez-Fuentes, L. M. 2014. Population fluctuation and spatial distribution of Trioza aguacate (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Avocado (Lauraceae) in Michoacan, Maxico. Florida Entomologist 97: 1783-1793.
Green, R. H. 1970. On fixed precision level sequential sampling. Researches on Population Ecology 12: 249-251.
Horng, S. B. 2002. Larval competition and egg-laying decisions by the bean weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. Animal Behaviour 53: 1-12.
Howe, R. W. 1951. The movement of grain weevils through grain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 42:125-134.
Howe, R. W. and Currie, J. E. 1964. Some laboratory observations on the rates of development, mortality and oviposition of several species of Bruchidae breeding in stored pulses. Bulletin of Entomological Research 55: 437-477.
Hu, W. T. 1995. Effects of bean size on larval competition and oviposition preference of Callosobruchus maculatus. Chinese Journal of Entomology/Zhonghua Kunchong 15: 321-332.
Huis, A. Van, Kaashoek, N. K. and Lammers, P. M. 1990. Uscana lariophaga (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), egg parasitoid of twe bruchid species of cowpea in west Africa. Proceedings Experimental and Applied Entomology 1: 101-106.
Jafari, A., Fathipour, Y. and Hosseini, S. M. 2005.Sampling programme and spatial distribution of Creontiades pallidus (Het., Miridae) and its predators Chrysoperla carnea (Neu., Chrysopidae) and Nabis capsiformis (Het., Nabidae). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 36(2): 295-303.(In Farsi). 
Koura, A., El Halfawy, M. and Shehata, T. 1971. Preference of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius to some legume seeds and weight less due to insect infestation. Agricultural Research Review 49: 35-40.
Liu, C., Wang, G., Wang, W. andZhou, S. 2002. Spatial pattern of Tetranychus urticae population in apple tree garden. Journal of Applied Ecology 13: 993-996.
Lloyd, M. 1967. Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology36:1-30.
Marouf, A., Shayesteh, N., Bagheri-Zenouz, A. and Heydari, R. 2003. The effects of food components and seed humidity on food preference of cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 71: 27-42. (In Farsi).
Mehrkhou, F., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A. A., Kamali, K. and Naseri, B. 2008. Population density and spatial distribution patterns of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its predator Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on different agricultural crops. Journal of Entomological Research Society 10: 23-36.
Mitchell, R. 1975. The evolution of oviposition tactics in the bean weevil, Callosobrochus maculatus (F.). Ecology 56: 696-702.
Moradi-Vajargah, M., Golizadeh, A., Rafiee-Dastjerdi, H., Zalucki, M. P., Hassanpour, M. and Naseri, B. 2011. Population density and spatial distribution pattern of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ardabil, Iran. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici 39: 42-48.
Naseri, B., Fathipour, Y. and Talebi, A. A. 2009. Population density and spatial distribution pattern of Empoasca decipiens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on different bean species. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 11: 239-248.
Ouedraogo, P. A., Sou, S. and Sanon, A. 1996. Influence of temperature and humidity on populations of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Bulletin of Entomological Research 86: 695-702.
Patil, G. P. and Stiteler, W. M. 1974. Concepts of aggregation and their quantification: A critical review with some new result and applications. Research of Population Ecology 15: 238-254.
Pedigo, L. P. 1994. Handbook of sampling methods for arthropods in agriculture. CRC Press, Florida.
Prevett, P. F. 1964. The distributions of insects in stacks of bagged groundnuts in Northern Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research 54: 689-713.
Schalk, J. M. and Rassoulian, G. 1973. Callosobruchus maculatus: observations of attack on cowpeas in Iran. Journal of Economic Entomology 66: 579-580.
Sharangapani, M. V. and Pingale, S. V. 1955. A study of the movements of some insect pests through grain stored in bags. Indian Journal of Entomology 18: 243-250.
Shazali, M. E. H. 1989. The susceptibility of faba bean and other seed legumes to infestation by Bruchidius incamatus (Boh.) and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).  FABIS Newsletter 23: 20-24.
Shokohian, A. 1972. Life cycle and number of generations of Callosobruchus maculatus. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 34: 1-4 (In Farsi).
Southwood, T. R. E. and Henderson, P. A. 2000. Ecological methods. (3rd ed.) Blackwell Sciences, Oxford.
Stolk, C., Stein, A., Slumpa, S. B., Tiase, S. K. and Huis, A. V. 2001. Exploring the foraging environment of a natural enemy of Callosobruchus maculatus: spatial egg distribution in stored cowpea. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 101: 167-181.
Surtees, G. 1965. Ecological significance and practical implications of behavior patterns determining the spatial structure of insect populations in stored grain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 56: 201-213.
Tamosiunas, R., Valiuskaite, A., Jukna, L., Tamosiunas, K. and Ziogas, A. F. 2015. Spatial distribution patterns of apple sawfly populations in two differently managed commercial apple orchards. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 102: 73-80.
Taylor, L. R. 1961. Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature 189: 732-735.
Taylor, L. R., Woiwod, I. P. and Perry, J. N. 1978. The density-dependence of special behaviour and the rarity of randomness. Journal of Animal Ecology 47: 383-406.
Thanthiangal, C. and Mitchell, R. 2004. The fecundity and oviposition behavior of a South Indian strain of Callosobruchus maculatus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 57: 133-142.
Wilson, K. 1988. Egg laying decisions by the bean weevil Callosobruchus maculatus. Ecological Entomology 13: 107-118.
Plant Pest Research
Volume 6, Issue 2
August 2016
Pages 1-13

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 24 August 2016
  • Accept Date: 24 August 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics