مطالعه‌ جمعیت بالتوری سبز، Chrysoperla carnea و آفات طعمه آن در دو الگوی مختلف کنترل شیمیایی (مطالعه‌ موردی: باغ‌های سیب و مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی قوچان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه;پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار حشره;شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه;پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات رده بندی حشرات، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور

4 استادیار حشره; شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه;پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

طی یک پژوهش سه‌ساله در شهرستان قوچان (شمال شرق ایران)، تراکم و پراکنش فضایی جمعیت بالتوری سبز (Chrysoperla carnea) و آفات طعمه آن در باغ­های سیب و مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی (به‌ترتیب شته‌ها و Thrips tabaci، Helicoverpa armigera)، تحت دو الگوی مدیریت حفاظتی و شیمیایی مرسوم، مطالعه شد. الگوی مدیریت شیمیایی، تاثیر معنی‌داری روی انبوهی جمعیت بالتوری سبز داشت به‌طوری‌که در هر دو محصول، بیش‌ترین انبوهی بالتوری سبز (به­ترتیب 178/0 بالتوری/ برگ سیب و 546/0 بالتوری/ بوته‌ گوجه‌فرنگی) به الگوی حفاظتی و کم‌ترین انبوهی آن (به­ترتیب 0245/0 بالتوری/ برگ سیب و 252/0 بالتوری/ بوته گوجه‌فرنگی) به الگوی مرسوم تعلق داشت. نوع مدیریت شیمیایی در باغ­های سیب پراکنش فضایی جمعیت بالتوری سبز را نیز تغییر داد، به طوری که پراکنش فضایی تخم‌ها و لاروهای این شکارگر در باغ‌های با مدیریت حفاظتی از نوع تصادفی (به­ترتیب با ضرایب تیلور 12/1 و 17/1) و در باغ‌های با سمپاشی مرسوم از نوع تجمعی (به­ترتیب با ضرایب تیلور 42/1 و 29/1) محاسبه شد. در مقابل، در مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی، پراکنش فضایی جمعیت بالتوری سبز در هر دو الگوی مرسوم و حفاظتی از نوع تجمعی بود. در باغ‌های سیب، افزایش جمعیت بالتوری سبز پس از اجرای سمپاشی حفاظتی نتوانست مانع از افزایش جمعیت شته‌ها شود و میانگین جمعیت آنها در الگوی حفاظتی به طور معنی‌داری از الگوی مرسوم بیش‌تر بود؛ اما در مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی، انبوهی جمعیت تریپس پیاز و کرم میوه‌خوار در الگوهای حفاظتی و مرسوم اختلاف زیادی نداشتند. بنابراین، در مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی، جایگزینی الگوی سمپاشی حفاظتی با سمپاشی مرسوم توصیه می‌شود، اما در باغ‌های سیب، الگوی حفاظتی باید در کنار روش‌های مکمل دیگر استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Population of common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea and its prey pests under two different patterns of chemical control (Case study: Apple orchards and tomato fields of Quchan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zakkiye Karimi Yazdanabad 1
  • Ali Afhsari 2
  • Abolfazl Hajiesmaeilian 3
  • Ahmad Nadimi 4
1 Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In a three-year study, the population density and spatial dispersion of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea and its prey pests (Aphids, Thrips tabaci and Helicoverpa armigera) was investigated in apple orchards and tomato fields under two different conservational and conventional chemical managements, in Quchan, northeastern Iran. The chemical management pattern had a significant effect on the population density of the green lacewing, so that the highest density was observed in conservational pattern in both apple orchards and tomato fields (0.178 and 0.546 individuals/leaf or plant, respectively). The pattern of chemical management in apple orchards also changed the spatial dispersion of the green lacewing, so that its eggs and larvae population had random dispersion in conservational (with Taylor’s coefficients of 1.12 and 1.17, respectively) and aggregated dispersion in conventional (with Taylor’s coefficients of 1.42 and 1.29, respectively) orchards. While, the spatial dispersion of this predator was aggregated in both conventional and conservational patterns in tomato fields. In apple orchards, the increase in the green lacewing population after the implementation of conservational spraying could not prevent the increase in aphids’ population, so that their population increased significantly compared to the conventional pattern. In contrast, population density of the T. tabaci and H. armigera in tomato fields did not have much difference in conservational and conventional chemical patterns. Therefore, in tomato fields, it is recommended to replace the conservational spraying pattern with conventional spraying, but the conservational pattern should be used along with other complementary methods in apple orchards.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation
  • ؛ Natural enemy
  • ؛ Pesticide
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