Efficacy of the EC formulations of Neem (1.28%) and Neemarin® (1%) on slug Agriolimax agrestis in laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Agricultural Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran

3 Plant Protection Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran

4 Pesticides Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The effect of new formulations of Neem, Neemarin® and metaldehyde on slug, A. agrestis was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In bioassay experiments, the leaves of the ornamental plant (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) were dipped in different concentrations of neem and Neemarin®, and then same-age immature slugs were released on the leaves and their mortality and feeding were determined up to 14 days. The LC50 values for Neem and Neemarin® were estimated 34.1 and 22.5 ml/lit, respectively, and relative toxicity of Neemarin® was 1.59 times of /more than Neem. The greenhouse experiments were conducted in RCD with 4 treatments, and the maximum effect of the treatments was obtained for metaldehyde with a mean of 95.75% after 15 days compared to the Neem and Neemarin® with 47.85% and 51.63% mean mortality, respectively. Also, the effect of Neem and Neemarin® on the nutrition was 1.72 g and 1.9 g, respectively, in comparison with control (9 g) and the percentage of egg hatching significantly decreased compared to the control. According to the results, Neem and Neemarin® compounds in the concentrations 34.1 and 22.5 per thousand, respectively, and up to ten times on leaves of S. wallisii had a negative effect on the nutrition of A. agrestis and reduced the damage in greenhouse conditions. This effect with increasing age and body size of the slug and subsequent increase in concentration was maintained. However, they were less lethal than methaldehyde.

Keywords

References

Ahmadi, E. 2009. An investigation on effectiveness of Iron Phosphate against Deroceras agreste in lettuce fields of Mazandaran and Tehran provinces. Plant Protection Journal 1(4): 419- 428. (in Farsi)
Ahmadi, E. 2010. Investigation on efficacy of different baits against Agriolimax agrestis on Spathiphyllum wallisii plants in greenhouses. Iranian Journal of Dynamic Agriculture 6(3):315-322. (in Farsi)
Anoop, K., Sunil, Z., Amit, K. M. and Vinny, J. 2019. Effect of fungicides and neem oil on the Rhizoctonia root rot of soybean (Glycine max L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(1): 368-372.
Barker, G. M. 2002. Molluscs as crop pests. CABI Publishing. Pp. 468.
Bolandnazar, A., Ghadamyari, M., Memarzadeh, M. and Jalali, S. 2017.Effect of some micro and nanoemulsified essential oils and plant extract on sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), under laboratory condition. Plant Pest Research 7(3): 23-37.(in Farsi)
Casy, S. 1994. Neem mode of action of compounds present in extracts and formulations of Azadirachta indica seeds and their efficacy to pests of ornamental plants and non-target species. http://www.colostate.edu/entomology/courses/en570/papers-1994/aclar.html.
Ebenso, I.E. 2009. Molluscicidal effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts on edible tropical land snails. Pest Management Science 60:178-182.
HeidaryAlizadeh, B., Heidari, A. and Modaresnajafabadi, S. S. 2017. Preparation of emulsifiable concentrate (EC 1.28%) formulation based on neem seed extract, (Azadirachta indica) and investigating its efficacy on green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Journal of Entomology and Phytopathology 84(2): 279-290. (in Farsi)
 Heravi, P., Talebi jahromi, K. H., Sabahi, G. H. and Bandani, A. 2009. Deterrent, antifeedant and lethal effects of methanolic extract of neem seed kernel on cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), in comparison with twoc ommercial products (Neem Azal and Neem Plus). Journal of Water and Soil Science 13(47):243-253. (in Farsi)
Hollingsworth, R. G. and Armstrong, J. W. 2008. Effectiveness of products containing metaldehyde, copper of extracts of yucca or neem for control of Zonitoides arboreus (Say), a snail pest of orchid roots in Hawaii. International Journal of Pest Management 49(2): 115-122.
Hosseininia, A., Edrisi, B., Etaati, M.and Kazemi Siahouei, Gh. R. 2008. Simultaneous control of Rose powdery mildew and Rose spider mites by neem (Azadirachta indica ADR. JUSS) seed oil, sulfur and dinocap. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi in Agronomy and Horticulture21 (1): 34 - 40. (in Farsi)
Iglesias, J., Castillejo, J. and Ester, A. 2009. Laboratory evaluation of potential molluscicides for the control of eggs of the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) (Pulmonata: Limacidae). International Journal of Pest Management 48:19–23.
Isman, M. B. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology 51 (1): 45–66.
Isman, M. B. 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection 19: 603-608.
Khater, H. F. 2012. Prospects of botanical biopesticides in insect pest management. Pharmacologia 3(12): 641-656.
Leora Software. 1987. POLO-PC: A user guide to probit or logit 786 analysis. Leora software, Berkeley, California.
Massaguni, R. and Latip, S. N. H. M. 2012. Neem crude extract as potential biopesticide for controlling golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. In Soundararajan, R.P. (Eds.). Pesticides. Advances in Chemical and Botanical Pesticides, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 233-254.
Mirzaei, A. 1972. Molluscs of agricultural importance in Iran. Ministry of Agriculture Resources Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute. pp. 68.
Modarres Najafabadi, S. S. 2010. Evaluate effects of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. leaf powder and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seed and leaf powder on stored product pests (Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium sp.) of wheat and barley. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plants 25(4): 513-527.
National Research Councile. 1992. Neem: A tree for solving global problems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/1924.
Namvar, P., Safaralizadeh, M. H. and Baniameri, V. 2011. Effect of commercial neem extract neemazal-T/S on controlling leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in comparison with common synthetic insecticide. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 2 (7): 89-96.
Noorbakhsh, S., Sahraeian, H., Soroush, M., Rezaei, V. and Fotoohi, A. 2011. List of important pests, diseases and weeds of agricultural products, pesticides and recommended methods to control them. Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization. pp. 197. (in Farsi)
Ploomi, A., Kogar, K., Metspalu, L. and Hiiessar, K. 2009. The toxicity of neem to the snail Arianta arbustorum.Scientific works of the lithvanian institute of the horticulture and Lithvanian University of the Agriculture. Sodininkyste Ir Darzininkyste 28(3):153-158.
Rastegari, S., Alichi, M., Samih, M.A., Minaei, K. and Saharkhiz, J. 2016. Toxicity effect of henna, Lawsonia inermis L. and madder Rubia tinctorum L. extracts on Rhopalosiphum padi L. versus pesticidal effect of pirimicarb and imidacloprid. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 38(4): 55-67. (in Farsi)
Robertson, J. L. and Preisler, H. K. 1992. Pesticide bioassays with arthropods. 127 pp. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Sadeghi, A. 1996. Sensitivity of Bemisia tabaci to chemical toxins and neem and investigation of its behavioral properties to neem and colored traps. Master thesis. Urmia University.

Salahi Ardakani, A. and Hoseininejad Seied, A. 2012. Application yarrow, bead-tree and neem in control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Pathology Science 1(1):14-26.

Schuder, I., Port, G. and Bennison, J. 2003. Barriers repellents and antifeedants for slug and snail control. Crop Protection 22:1033-1038.
Shakarami, S., Heidari, A. and Arbabi, M. 2014. Efficacy of the EC 1.28% formulation of Neem, Azadirachta indica, on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), in laboratory and field conditions. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34 (1): 85-93. (in Farsi)
Shoaib, M. A., Mahmoud, M. A., Loutfy, N. and Tawfic, M. 2010. Effect of botanical insecticide Nimbecidine® on food consumption and egg hatchability of the terrestrial snail Monacha obstructa. Journal of Pest Science83(1): 27–32.
Singh K. and Singh, D. K. 2000. Effect of different combinations of MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide with plant-derived molluscicides on snail reproduction. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38: 182–190.
Taghizadeh Saroukolai, A., Janparvar, M. and Nouri Ganbalani, G. 2017. Plant materials as an appropriate replacement for reducing environmental risk of using chemical insecticides (Case study colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)). Journal of Agroecology 9(2): 379-388. (in Farsi)
 Tirgari, S.,  Ghafari, D. and Mousavi Eyvanaki, E. 2006. Repellency effect of neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss) against paederus beetles, the agent of linear dermatitis (Col: Staphylinidae). Modares Journal of Medical Sciences (Pathobiology) 9(1): 45-51.
Verkerk, R. H. J. and Wright, D. J. 1993. Biological activity of neem seed kernel extracts and synthetic azadirachtin against larve of Plutella xylostella. Pesticide Science 37:83-89.
Zotin, A. A. 2007. Patterns of individual growth of gray garden slugs Deroceras reticulatum. Biology Bulletin 34: 457-462.
Plant Pest Research
Volume 10, Issue 3
December 2020
Pages 61-76

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 13 December 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics