Field biology of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) on Chinese hibiscus shrubs in Ahvaz, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an invasive pest species in tropical and subtropical regions and recently has caused severe infestations on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. in southern Iran. In the present study, field biology of this pest was investigated on Chinese hibiscus shrubs as its important host plant in Ahvaz during 2013-2014. Results indicated that P. solenopsis has completed 11 generations per year. The shortest generation times were 3rd, 4th and 5th from early May to early July which lasted 21.63±0.84, 21.48±1.01 and 23.11±1.55 days, respectively, with no significant difference.  The 11th generation was the longest and occurred from early December to late March for 90.20±19.61 days. The reproduction mode in all generations was bisexual and none of unmated females did parthenogenetic reproduction. The highest fecundity was calculated as 432.15±35.00 offspring / female for 8th generation in September and the lowest belonged (10.58±1.33 offspring / female) to 10th generation in winter. The highest and lowest sex ratio of females in total population were obtained in 11th generation (%96) and 9th generation (%69), respectively. According to present results, the cotton mealybug has high reproductive potential on Chinese hibiscus shrub and is able to develop well in unfavorable hot summers of Ahvaz. These results can be used in control management of this pest.

Keywords

References

Abbas, G., Arif, M. J. and Saeed, S. 2005. Systematic status of a new species of the genus Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae), a serious pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomolgist 27: 83-84.
Abbas, G., Arif, M. J., Ashfaq, M., Aslam, M. and Saeed, S. 2010.The impact of some environmental factors on the fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): a serious pest of cotton and other crops. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 47 (4): 321–325.
Arif, M. j., Rafiq, M., Wazir, S., Mehmood, N. and Ghaffar, A. 2012. Studies on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), and its natural enemies in Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14 (4): 557-562.
Arif, M. J., Shahid, M. R., Gogi, M. D., Arshad, M. and Khan, M. A. 2013. Studies on biological parameters of an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on different host plants under laboratory conditions. Academic Journal of Entomology 6 (2): 55-60.
Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. and Gibson, G. A. P. 2014. Scale Net. http://www.sel.barc. usda.gov/scalenet/ scalenet.htm. (Accessed June 2015).
Çalışkan, A. F., Kaydan, M. B., Muştu, M. and Ulusoy, M. R. 2016. Demographic parameters and biological features of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on four ornamental plants. Phytoparasitica 44 (1): 75-82.
Dhawan, A. K., Singh, K., Saini, S., Mohindru, B., Kaur, A., Singh, G. and Singh, S. 2007. Incidence and damage potential of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton in Punjab. Indian Journal of Ecology 34: 110-116.
Fand, B. B., Tonnang, H. E. Z., Kumar, M., Bal, S. K., Singh, N. P., Rao, D. V. K. N., Kamble, A. L., Nangare, D. D. and Minhas, P. S. 2014. Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS. Ecological Modelling 288: 62-78.
Fand, B. B. and Suroshe, S. S. 2015. The invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, a threat to tropical and subtropical agricultural and horticultural production systems -A review. Crop Protection 69: 34-43.
Forouzan, A., Shishehbor, P., Esfandiari, M. and Mossadegh, M. S. 2016. Biological characteristics and life table parameters of cotton mealybug, Phenococcus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) on china-rose at different temperatures. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 39 (2): 59-70. (In Farsi)
Guan, X., Lu, Y. and Zeng, L. 2012. Study on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on four species of hosts. Agricultural Science and Technology 13 (2): 408-411.
Hanchinal, S. G., Patil, B. V., Bheemanna, M. and Hosamani, A. C. 2010. Population dynamics of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and its natural enemies on Bt cotton. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 23 (1): 137-139.
Hodgson, C. J., Abbas, G., Arif, M. J., Saeed, S., and Karar, H. 2008. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), an invasive mealybug damaging cotton in Pakistan and India, with a discussion on seasonal morphological variation. Zootaxa 19 (13): 1-35.
Huang, F., Zhang, J. M., Zhang, P. J. and Lu, Y. B. 2013. Reproduction of the solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis: Males play an important role. Journal of Insect Science 13: Article 137.
Jhala, R. C., Bharpoda, T. M. and Patel, M. G. 2008. Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), the mealybug species recorded first time on cotton and its alternate host plants in Gujarat, India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology 28: 403-406.
Joshi, M. D., Butani, P. G., Patel, V. N. and Jeya kumar, P. 2010. Cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley - a review. Agricultural Reviews 31: 113–119.
Kedar, S. C., Saini, R. K., and Ram, P. 2013. Bionomics of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton in Haryana. Journal of Cotton Research and Development 27 (1): 99-103.
Kumar, R., Nagrare, V. S., Nitharwal, M., Swami, D. and Prasad, Y. G. 2014. Within-plant distribution of an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, and associated losses in cotton. Phytoparasitica 42: 311–316
Mamoon-Ur-Rashid, M., Khattak, M. K. and Abdullah, K. 2012. Phenological response of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) to three prominent host plants. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 44 (2): 341–346.
Moghaddam, M. and Bagheri, N. A. 2010. A new record of mealybug pest in the South of Iran, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 30 (1): 67-69.
Mossadegh, M. S., Vafaei, Sh., Zarghami, S., Farsi, A., Sedighi Dehkordi, F., Fazelinejad, A., Esfandiari, M. and Alizadeh, M. S. 2012. The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan and Kish island, Iran. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran, p. 174. (in Farsi)
Mossadegh, M. S., Vafaei, Sh., Farsi, A., Zerghami, S., Esfandiari, M., Sedighi Dehkordi, F., Fazelinejad, A. and Seyfollahi, F. 2015. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), its natural enemies and host plants in Iran. Proceedings of the first Iranian International Congress of Entomology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. p. 159-167.
Nagrare, V. S., Kranthi, S., Kumar, R., Dhara, B., Amutha, M., Deshmukh, A. J., Sone, K. D. and Kranthi, R. 2011. Compendium of Cotton Mealybugs. CICR publication, pp. 42
Prasad, Y. G., Prabhakar, M., Sreedevi, G., Ramachandra Rao, G. and Venkateswarlu, B. 2012. Effect of temperature on development, survival and reproduction of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cotton. Crop Protection 39: 81-88.
Sahito, H. A. and Abro, G. H. 2012. Biology of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on okra and China rose under laboratory conditions. Pakistan Entomologist 34 (2): 121-124.
Sana-Ullah, M., Arif, M. J., Gogi, M. D., Shahid, M. R., Adid, A.M., Raza, A. and Ali, A. 2011. Influence of different plant genotypes on some biological parameters of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis and its predator, Coccinella septempunctata under laboratory conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12: 125–129.
Seyfollahi, F., Esfandiari, M., Mossadegh, M. S. and Rasekh, A. 2016. Life table parameters of the coccinellid, Hyperaspis polita, a native predator in Iran, feeding on the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology 19: 835-840.
Tanwar, R. K, Jeyakumar, P. and Monga, D. 2007. Mealybugs and their management, 12 p. Technical Bulletin 19, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India. Available online: www.ncipm.org.in/NCIPMPDFs/Publication/BulletinMealybugs%20(English). pdf
Vennila, S., Deshmukh, A. J., Pinjarkar, D., Agarwal1, M., Ramamurthy, V. V., Joshi, S., Kranthi, K. R. and Bambawale1, O. M. 2010. Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton in the laboratory. Journal of Insect Science 10: Article 115.
Wang, Y., Watson, G. W. and Zhang, R. 2010. The potential distribution of an invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its threat to cotton in Asia. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12: 403-416.
Zhou, A., Lu, Y., Zeng, L., Xu, Y. and Liang, G. 2013. Effect of host plants on honeydew production of an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Insect Behaviour 26: 191–199.
Plant Pest Research
Volume 7, Issue 1
June 2017
Pages 1-12

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 June 2017
  • Accept Date: 18 June 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics