Toxicity and persistence of two insecticides, thiodicarb and indoxacarb against parasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor on cotton plants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Faryab University, Maymana, Afghanistan

2 Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

In this research, lethal and sublethal toxicity and persistence of the field recommended concentration of two insecticides, thiodicarb and indoxacarb, were investigated against the parasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) on cotton plants and categorized according to the IOBC standard classes. The results showed that thiodicarb had greater lethal toxicity against adult parasitoid wasp (up to 77.9% mortality) than indoxacarb and was categorized as a harmful insecticide (group 4) based on the “total effect” (mortality+ fecundity reduction). Thiodicarb was also highly toxic to immature stages of parasitoid and reduced egg hatching and survival of larvae by 95.9% and 82.8%, respectively compared to the control. The lethal and sublethal toxicities of indoxacarb were significantly lower than those of thiodicarb, with a maximum mortality of 27.34% and a fertility reduction of 48.7%, and it was classified as ranging from slightly harmful (group 2) to moderately harmful (group 3) insecticide. Thiodicarb residues were more persistent on cotton plants than those of indoxacarb and its “total effect” on the parasitoid was more than 25% for 22 days after spraying. Therefore, it was classified as a “moderately persistent” (group 3) insecticide according to the IOBC standard classes.  In contrast, total effects of indoxacarb reached to the harmless level (<25%) 10 days after spraying, and it was classified as a “slightly persistent” (group 2) insecticide. In order to conserve H. hebetor population in cotton fields, it is recommended that thiodicarb be replaced with a less harmful insecticide and to allow at least a 10-day "waiting period" between the application of indoxacarb and the large-scale release of the parasitoid wasp.

Keywords

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Plant Pest Research
Volume 15, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 65-83

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  • Receive Date: 15 April 2025
  • Revise Date: 26 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 02 June 2025

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