Insecticidal effects of ajwain and cumin essential oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae: Fumigant toxicity, antinutritional activity, and effect on biological and population parameters

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), is one of the most damaging pests of cereal grains such as rice, wheat, barley, and corn in Iran and many countries worldwide. In the present study, the insecticidal activities of cumin and ajwain essential oils on the rice weevil were assessed. The chemical composition analyses of essential oils showed that β-pinene, cumin aldehyde, cymene, and γ-Terpinenein cumin essential oil and cymene, thymol, γ-Terpinene, and α-pinene in ajwain essential oil were the dominant compounds. The 24-hour LC50 values of cumin and ajwain essential oils were evaluated as 100.89 and 172.48 μl/l, respectively. Treatment of rice weevil adults with LC30 values of cumin and ajwain essential oils (74.28 and 130.31 μl/l, respectively) significantly increased the developmental time of the pest's immature stages. The pre-oviposition period of adults and the total pre-oviposition period significantly increased with the application of essential oils compared to the control group. The fecundity and longevity of male and female adults, along with various population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), and finite rate of increase (λ) were diminished upon exposure to the essential oils.. The nutritional indices of the pest including consumption index, relative consumption rate, and relative growth rate also reduced under the influence of LC30 values of cumin and ajwain essential oils. Therefore, cumin and ajwain essential oils are recommended for further research as efficient and eco-friendly natural pesticides to replace hazardous chemical agents in rice weevil management.

Keywords

References

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Plant Pest Research
Volume 15, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 1-15

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History

  • Receive Date: 01 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 06 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2025

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