Abdollahzadeh-Bovani, M. (2025). Lethal and sublethal effects of Thiocyclam and Oberon on the life table parametres of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and foraging behaviour of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinida). PhD. Thesis.The University of Urmia.
Abdollahzadeh-Bovani, M., Mehrkhou, F., & Forouzan, M. (2024). Sublethal effects of thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate and spiromesifen on life table and population growth parameters of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 12(1), 95-110. (in Farsi), DOI: https://doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2024.376343.343
Agathokleous, E., Blande, J. D., Masui, N., Calabrese, E. J., Zhang, J., Sicard, P., & Benelli, G. (2023). Sublethal chemical stimulation of arthropod parasitoids and parasites of agricultural and environmental importance. Environmental Research, 237, 116876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.envres.2023.116876
Asadi, M., Rafiee–Dastjerdi, H., Nouri–Ganbalani, G., Naseri, B., & Hassanpour, M. (2019). Lethal and sublethal effects of five insecticides on the demography of a parasitoid wasp. International Journal of Pest Management, 65(4), 301–312.
Baruah, P., & Chaurasia, N. (2020). Ecotoxicological effects of alpha-cypermethrin on freshwater alga Chlorella sp.: Growth inhibition and oxidative stress studies. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 76, 103347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2020.103347
Basit, M., Saeed, S., Saleem, M. A., & Sayyed, A. H. (2013). Can resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) be overcome with mixtures of neonicotinoids and insect growth regulators. Crop Protection, 44, 135-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.10.021
Chi, H. (1988). Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals. Environmental Entomology, 17, 26–34.
Chi, H. (2020a). TWOSEX-MSChart: a computer program for age stage, two-sex life table analysis. National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; available from http://140.120.197.173/ Ecology/Download/TWOSEX-MSChart.rar.
Chi, H. (2020b) TIMING-MSChart: A computer program for the population projection based on age-stage, two-sex life table. Taichung, Taiwan: National Chung Hsing University; Available from http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/TimingMSChart.rar.
Chi, H., & Liu, H. (1985). Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 24 (2), 225-240.
Croft BA, 1990. Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. John Willey and Sons, New York, USA. 723 pp.
Cuthbertson, A. G. S., Buxton, J. H., Blackburn, L. F., Mathers, J. J., Robinson, K. A., Powell, M. E., Fleming, D. A., & Bell, H. A. (2012). Eradicating Bemisia tabaci Q biotype on poinsettia plants in the UK. Crop Protection, 42, 42-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.009
D’Ávila, V. A., Barbosa, W. F., Guedes, R. N., & Cutler, G. C. (2018). Effects of spinosad, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin on survival, parasitism, and reproduction of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani. Journal of Economic Entomology, 111(3), 1096-1103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ jee/toy055
Dadras, S., Mehrkhou, F., Atlihan, R., & Fourouzan, M. (2024). The sublethal effects of thiamethoxam-lambda cyhalothrin on the life table parameters and the population prediction of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and its parasitoid, Encarsia formosa, under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 45 (3), 429-444. (in Farsi), DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.22034/jesi.45.3.9
Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., & Delpuech, J. M. (2007). The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, 52(1), 81-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev.ento.52.110405
Desneux, N., Denoyelle, R., & Kaiser, L. (2006). A multi–step bioassay to assess the effect of the deltamethrin on the parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi. Chemosphere, 65(10), 1697–1706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.082
Drobnjaković, T., & Marčić, D. (2021). Effects of spirotetramat insecticide on life history traits and population growth of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 31(6), 604-618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2021.1873248
Drobnjaković, T., Marčić, D., Prijović, M., Perić, P., Milenković, S., & Bošković, J. (2018). Sublethal effects of NeemAzal-T/S botanical insecticide on Dutch and Serbian populations of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 28(1), 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2017.1409336
Drobnjaković, T., Marić, D., Prijović, M., Perić, P., Milenković, S., & Bošković, J. (2017). Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan. Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 32(4), 205–216.
Drobnjaković, T., Prijović, M., Dervišević, M., Brkić, D., Ricupero, M., & Marčić, D. (2025). Side effects of semi‐synthetic insecticide spinetoram on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Pest Management Science, 81(1), 490-497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8450
Fazeli Dinan, M., Talaei-Hassanloui, R., Allahyari, H., Kharazi Pakdel, A., & Goldansaz, S. H. (2012). The effect of the fungus Lecanicillium longisporum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on the parameters of the life table of the parasitoid bee Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Plant Pest Research, 2(2), 1-11. (in Farsi)
Finney, D. L. (1971). Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Gao, Y., Lim, T. K., Lin, Q., & Li, S. F. Y., (2016). Identification of cypermethrin induced protein changes in green algae by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. Journal of Proteomics, 139, 67-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.012
Govindan, K., Gunasekaran, K., Kuttalam, S., & Aiswariya, K. K. )2010(. Bioefficacy of new formulation of emamectin benzoate 5 SG against Bollworm complex in cotton. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 38(2), 159-165.
Guedes, R. N. C., Smagghe, G., Stark, J. D., & Desneux, N. (2016). Pesticide-induced stress in arthropod pests for optimized integrated pest management programs. Annual Review of Entomology, 61, 43-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646
Heidari, A., Alford, L., & Kishani Farahani, H. (2015). Effects of three insecticides on adult bionomics of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 48(17-20), 898-909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2016.1142926
Hoddle, M. S. (2006). Phenology, life tables and reproductive biology of Tetraleurodes perseae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on California avocados. Annual Entomological Society of America, 99(3), 553–559 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[553:PLTARB]2.0.CO;2
Hoseininaveh, V., Salehi, L., Ghadamyari, M., & Gholamzadeh, M. (2012). Effects of amitraz, buprofezin and propargite on some fitness parameters of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hym.: Aphelinidae), using life table and IOBC methods. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 31(2), 1-14. (in Farsi)
Hosseininia, A., Khanjani, M., Khobdel, M., & Javadi Khodri, S. (2016). Comparision the effectiveness of common oils and insecticidal compounds in controlling the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) on rose and investigating their interaction. Iranian Plant Protection Research, 30(4), 718-726. (in Farsi)
Karatolos, N., Denholm, I., Williamson, M., Nauen, R., & Gorman, K. (2010). Incidence and characterization of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science, 66, 1304-1307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2014
Manzano, M. R., & van Lenteren, J. C. (2009). Life history parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different environmental conditions on two bean cultivars. Neotropical Entomology, 38(4), 452-458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/ S1519566X2009000400002
Mardani, A., Sabahi, Q., Rasekh, A., & Almasi, A. (2016). Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Phytoparasitica, 44(1), 91–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-015-0502-1
Matsuda, K., Shimomura, M., Ihara, M., Akamatsu, M., & Sattelle, D. B. (2005). Neonicotinoids show selective and diverse actions on their nicotinic receptor targets: electrophysiology, molecular biology, and receptor modeling studies. Bioscieance, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 69(8), 1442-1452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.69.1442
Noorbakhsh, S. 2021. List of important pests, diseases, and weeds of major agricultural crops, pesticides and recommended methods for their control. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and Plant Protection Organization. 210 p. (In Persian).
Oliveira, M. R.V., Amancio, M., Laumann, R. A., & de O. Gomes, L. (2003). Natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Brasília, Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 32(1), 151-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2003000100023
Oros, D.R., & Werner, I. (2005). Pyrethroid insecticides: an analysis of use patterns, distributions, potential toxicity and fate in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Central Valley (pp. 8-101). Oakland: San Francisco Estuary Institute.
Peric, P. (2013). Life history traits and population growth of greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vapo rariorum Westwood) on different tomato genotypes. Journal Pesticides and Phytomedicine, 28, 239–245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/pif.v28i4.5034
Piri Ouchtape, M., Mehrkhou, F., & Foorouzan, M. (2024). Lethal and sub-lethal effects of Clothianidin and summer oil on the life table parameters and population trend of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Hem.: Aphididae). Plant Pest Research, 13(4), 17-34. (in Farsi) DOI: https://doi.org/10.22124/iprj.2024.26113.1544
Rajabi, H., Safavi, S. A., & Forouzan, M. (2023). The lethal and sublethal effects of the combined insecticide emamectin benzoate + acetamiprid on the life table parameters of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 46(1), 105–118. (in Farsi), DOI: https://doi.org/10.22055/ppr.2023.42995.1681
Rashidi, F., & Ganbalani, G. N. (2018). Toxicity and sublethal effects of selected insecticides on life parameters of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: aleyrodidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 53(4), 543-553.
Reshadat Salvanagh, N., Mehrkhou, F., & Fourozan, M. (2024). Lethal and sublethal effects of Flonicamid and BIo2 on life span and population growth parameters of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Phytoparasitica, 52(5), 90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-024-01209-8
Reshadat-Salvanagh, N. (2021). Survey on the sublethal effects of Flonicamid and Bino2 on the population growth prameters of
Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). MSc thesis. The University of Urmia.
Safavi, S. A., & Bakhshaei, M. (2017). Biological parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of Calypso®. Journal of Crop Protection, 6(3), 341-351.
Sallard, E., Letourneur, D., & Legendre, P. (2021). Electrophysiology of ionotropic GABA receptors. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 78(13), 5341-5370. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00018-021-03846-2
Schneider, M. I., Smagghe, G., Pineda, S., & Vinuela, E. (2004). Action of insect growth regulator insecticides and spinosad on life history parameters and absorption in third–instar larvae of the endoparasitoid Hyposoter didymator. Biological Control, 31(2), 189–198. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.04.013
Soderlund, D. M. (2012). Molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticide neurotoxicity: Recent advances. Archives of Toxicology, 86, 165–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0726-x
Southwood, T. R. E., & Henderson, P. A. (2009). Ecological methods. John Wiley & Sons.
Stansly, P. A., & Natwick, E (2010). Integrated systems for managing Bemisia tabaci in protected and open field agriculture. In Stansly, P. A, and Naranjo, S. E. (Eds.) Bemisia: bionomics and management of a global pest. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. pp. 467-497.
Stark, J. D., Banks, J. E., & Acheampong, S. (2004). Estimating susceptibility of biological control agents to pesticides: Influence of life history strategies and population structure. Biological Control, 29, 392-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.07.003
Vassiliou, V., Emmanouilidou, M., Perrakis, A., Morou, E., Vontas, J., Tsagkarakou, A., & Roditakis, E. (2011). Insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci from Cyprus. Insect Science, 18(1), 30-39.
Wang, Z., Dai, P., Yang, X., Ruan, C. C., Biondi, A., Desneux, N., & Zang, L. S. (2019). Selectivity of novel and traditional insecticides used for management of whiteflies on the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Pest Management Science, 75(10), 2716-2724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5380
Whalon, M. E., Mota-Sanchez, D., & Hollingworth, R. M. (2008). Global pesticide resistance in arthropods. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Wu, C., Sun, T., He, M. , Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Mao, L., Zhu, L., Jiang, H., Zheng, Y. Q., & Liu, X. G. (2022). Sublethal toxicity, transgenerational effects, and transcriptome expression of the neonicotinoid pesticide cycloxaprid on demographic fitness of Coccinella septempunctata. The Science of the Total Environment, 842, 156887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2022.156887
Yang, S. W., Li, M. J., Shang, H. P., Liu, Y. H., Li, X. X., Jiang, Z. X., Chen, G. H., & Zhang, X. M. (2021). Effect of sublethal Spirotetramat on host locating and parasitic behavior of Encarsia. Pest Management Science, 78(1), 329-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6638