اثر اتیل‌استات در بهبود عملکرد تله‌های فرومونی سرخرطومی حنایی خرما Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سرخرطومی حنایی خرما، Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Col.: Dryophthoridae)، آفت کلیدی درختان خرما است. در شرایط مزعه­ای فرومون تجمعی این آفت به‌ تنهایی جلب‌کنندگی کافی ندارد، لذا از بافت پارانشیم تنه درخت خرما به‌عنوان طعمه گیاهی در کنار فرومون استفاده می‌شود. بنابراین شناسایی یک ترکیب سنتتیک ارزان و پایدار برای جایگزینی طعمه طبیعی ضروری است. برای ارزیابی کارایی اتیل‌استات، سه آزمایش میدانی اجرا شد. ابتدا عملکرد تله‌های حاوی (1) فرومون، (2) اتیل‌استات، (3) فرومون+اتیل‌استات و (4) شاهد (تله بدون طعمه) بررسی شد. درآزمایش دوم، مقادیر مختلف طعمه گیاهی پارانشیم تنه درخت خرما (200، 500و 1500گرم) و سه دز اتیل‌استات (450، 850 و 1630میلی‌گرم در روز) مقایسه شدند. در آزمایش سوم ترجیح حشرات نسبت  به فرومون و اتیل استات، با استفاده از تله‌های جفتی که در فاصله نیم‌ متر از یکدیگر قرار داشتند، بررسی شد. تیمارها شامل جفت تله‌های حاوی (1) اتیل‌استات در هر دو تله، (2) فرومون در هر دو تله، (3) فرومون+اتیل‌استات به‌صورت هم‌زمان در هر دو تله و (4) فرومون در یک تله و اتیل‌استات در تله دیگر بودند. نتایج نشان داد ترکیب فرومون تجمعی با اتیل‌استات عملکردی هم‌افزا ایجاد می‌کند. بین دزهای مختلف اتیل‌استات اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. در مقایسه جفتی تله‌ها، میزان شکار در تله حاوی فرومون به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از تله حاوی اتیل‌استات بود. این ترجیح نشان می‌دهد که اتیل‌استات حشرات سرخرطومی حنایی خرما را از مسافت‌های دورتر جذب کرده وآن‌ها را به سمت تله‌های فرومونی هدایت می‌کند. اتیل‌استات می‌تواند به‌عنوان کایرومون هم‌افزای سنتتیک کارایی تله‌های فرومونی را افزایش داده و محدودیت‌های عملی برنامه‌های شکار انبوه این آفت را کاهش ‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of ethyl acetate on improving the performance of pheromone traps for the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Azim Dehvari 1
  • Arman Avand-Faghih 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Col.: Dryophthoridae), is key pest of date palm trees. In field conditions, the aggregation pheromone of this pest alone does not sufficiently attractive, so the parenchymal tissue of the date palm trunk commonly used as a plant bait alongside the pheromone. Therefore, identifying an inexpensive and stable synthetic compound to replace the natural bait is essential. To evaluate the efficacy of ethyl acetate, three field experiments were conducted. Initially, the performance of traps containing (1) pheromone, (2) ethyl acetate, (3) pheromone+ethyl acetate, and (4) an unbaited control was evaluated. In the second experiment, different amounts of plant‑based bait derived from the parenchymal tissue of the date palm trunk (200, 500, and 1500 g) and three doses of ethyl acetate (450, 850, and 1630 mg day⁻¹) were compared. In the third experiment, insect preference for pheromone versus ethyl acetate was examined using paired traps placed 0.5 m apart. Treatments included paired traps baited with (1) ethyl acetate in both traps, (2) pheromone in both traps, (3) pheromone+ethyl acetate simultaneously in both traps, and (4) pheromone in one trap and ethyl acetate in the other. The results showed that combining the aggregation pheromone with ethyl acetate produced a synergistic effect. No significant differences were observed among the tested doses of ethyl acetate. In paired‑trap comparisons, capture rates in pheromone‑baited traps were significantly higher than those in traps containing ethyl acetate. This preference suggests that ethyl acetate attracts red palm weevils from longer distances and guides them toward pheromone traps. Ethyl acetate can be used as an effective synthetic synergistic kairomone to improve the efficiency of pheromone traps and reduce practical limitations in mass‑trapping programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethyl acetate
  • integrated pest management
  • pheromone trap
  • synergistic kairomone
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