خواص حشره کشی اسانس های زنیان و زیره سبز روی شپشه برنج، Sitophilus oryzae: سمیت تدخینی، فعالیت ضدتغذیه ای و تاثیر در فراسنجه های زیستی و جمعیتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

شپشه برنج، Sitophilus oryzae (L.)، یکی از خطرناک‌ترین آفات دانه­ های غلاتی مانند برنج، گندم، جو و ذرت در ایران و بسیاری از کشورهای جهان است. در پژوهش حاضر، فعالیت­ های حشره ­کشی اسانس­ های زیره سبز و زنیان روی شپشه برنج بررسی شد. بررسی اجزای شیمیایی اسانس ­ها نشان داد که بتا-پینن، کومین­ آلدهید، سایمن و گاما-ترپینن در اسانس زیره سبز و سایمن، تیمول، گاما-ترپینن و آلفا-پینن در اسانس زنیان ترکیبات غالب بودند. مقادیر LC50 24 ساعته اسانس­ های زیره سبز و زنیان به­ ترتیب 89/100 و 48/172 میکرولیتر بر لیتر برآورد شد. تیمار حشرات کامل شپشه برنج با مقادیر LC30 اسانس ­های زیره سبز و زنیان (به ­ترتیب 28/74 و 31/130 میکرولیتر بر لیتر) باعث افزایش معنی ­دار طول دوره رشد و نمو پیش از بلوغ آفت شد. دوره پیش از تخم­گذاری افراد بالغ و کل دوره پیش از تخم­گذاری تحت تاثیر اسانس ­ها افزایش معنی داری نسبت به گروه شاهد داشت. زادآوری و طول عمر حشرات کامل نر و ماده و همچنین فراسنجه­ های جمعیتی آفت شامل نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r)، نرخ خالص تولید مثل (R0)، نرخ ناخالص تولید مثل (GRR) و نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ) تحت تاثیر اسانس ­ها کاهش یافت. شاخص­ های تغذیه ­ای آفت هم شامل شاخص مصرف، نرخ مصرف نسبی و نرخ رشد نسبی تحت تاثیر مقادیر LC30 اسانس­ های زیره سبز و زنیان کاهش پیدا کرد. بنابراین، اسانس ­های زیره سبز و زنیان به­ عنوان آفت­ کش ­های طبیعی کارآمد و دوستدار محیط زیست در راستای جایگزینی با ترکیبات شیمیایی خطرناک در مدیریت شپشه برنج برای انجام بررسی‌های تکمیلی پیشنهاد می‌شوند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Insecticidal effects of ajwain and cumin essential oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae: Fumigant toxicity, antinutritional activity, and effect on biological and population parameters

نویسنده [English]

  • A. Ebadollahi
Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), is one of the most damaging pests of cereal grains such as rice, wheat, barley, and corn in Iran and many countries worldwide. In the present study, the insecticidal activities of cumin and ajwain essential oils on the rice weevil were assessed. The chemical composition analyses of essential oils showed that β-pinene, cumin aldehyde, cymene, and γ-Terpinenein cumin essential oil and cymene, thymol, γ-Terpinene, and α-pinene in ajwain essential oil were the dominant compounds. The 24-hour LC50 values of cumin and ajwain essential oils were evaluated as 100.89 and 172.48 μl/l, respectively. Treatment of rice weevil adults with LC30 values of cumin and ajwain essential oils (74.28 and 130.31 μl/l, respectively) significantly increased the developmental time of the pest's immature stages. The pre-oviposition period of adults and the total pre-oviposition period significantly increased with the application of essential oils compared to the control group. The fecundity and longevity of male and female adults, along with various population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), and finite rate of increase (λ) were diminished upon exposure to the essential oils.. The nutritional indices of the pest including consumption index, relative consumption rate, and relative growth rate also reduced under the influence of LC30 values of cumin and ajwain essential oils. Therefore, cumin and ajwain essential oils are recommended for further research as efficient and eco-friendly natural pesticides to replace hazardous chemical agents in rice weevil management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Botanical insecticides
  • storage pest
  • sub-lethal effects
  • toxicity
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