تأثیر امولسیون عصاره سیر روی راب Agriolimax agrestis درگلخانه کاهو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات آفت‌کش‌ها، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کارایی امولسیون 50 درصد عصاره‌ سیر روی راب Agriolimax agrestis در گلخانه‌های کاهوی استان‌های مازندران (ساری) و البرز (کرج) در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش زیست‌سنجی روی راب‌های نابالغ هم‌سن به وزن 5/0 تا 7/0 گرم انجام و تلفات آن‌ها بعد از 24 ساعت تعیین و مقدار LC50 برآورد شد. آزمایش‌های ارزیابی کارایی در گلخانه با تیمارهای: 1) عصاره سیر (در دو غلظت یک و دو برابر LC50)، 2) راب­ کش معدنی فریکول® (5 گرم در مترمربع)، 3) راب­کش شیمیایی متالدئید لوماکیدین 5 جی® (0/7 گرم در مترمربع) و شاهد، انجام شد. براساس نتایج آزمایش زیست­ سنجی، مقدار LC50 برای عصاره سیر برابر با 6/24 گرم بر لیتر برآورد شد. در گلخانه، با افزایش غلظت عصاره، درصد کارایی آفت ­کشی افزایش یافت. میانگین کارایی عصاره سیر با غلظت دو برابر LC50 در دو استان پس از گذشت دو، چهار، هشت، پانزده و بیست و یک روز به‌ترتیب برابر 2/5± 55/8، 2/9±60/8، 2/3±64/9، 2/3±70/2 و 2/4±73/7 درصد محاسبه شد. هر چند میزان این کارایی در روز بیست و یکم در مقایسه با متالدئید به طور معنی‌داری کمتر بود، نتایج نشان می‌دهد که عصاره سیر قادر به ایجاد مرگ و میر در جمعیت راب نابالغ است. در تیمار عصاره سیر، میزان خسارت برآورد شده در روز بیست و یکم آزمایش در استان‌های مازندران و البرز (به‌ترتیب 37/7 و 32/8 درصد) نسبت به شاهد (به‌ترتیب 89/5 و 81/2 درصد) به طور معنی‌داری کمتر بود. از این‌رو در راستای کاهش مصرف و اثرات نامطلوب آفت­ کش­ های شیمیایی، کاربرد متناوب عصاره سیر با سایر راب‌کش‌ها در برنامه‌های مدیریتی راب A. agrestis پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of garlic extract emulsion on the slug Agriolimax agrestis in lettuce greenhouse

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Ahmadi 1
  • M. Gholamzadeh Chitgar 2
  • B. Heidary Alizadeh 3
1 Agricultural Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Plant Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
3 Department of Pesticides, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]

The effectiveness of garlic extracts 50% emulsion on Agriolimax agrestis in lettuce greenhouses of Mazandaran (Sari) and Alborz (Karaj) provinces was evaluated in the completely randomized statistical design. A bioassay test was performed on immature slugs of the same age weighing 0.5 to 0.7 grams and their mortality percentage was determined after 24 hours and the LC50 value was estimated. Efficiency evaluation experiments were done in the greenhouse with treatments: 1) garlic extract (in two concentrations of 1 and 2 times of LC50, 2) mineral molluscicide, Ferricol® (5 g/m2), 3) Chemical molluscicides, Lumakidin 5G® (0.7 g/m2), and control. Based on the results of bioassay test, the LC50 value for garlic extract was estimated as 24.6 g/L. In the greenhouse, with the increase in the concentration of the extracts, the effectiveness percentage increased. The average efficacy of garlic extract treatment with twice the LC50 concentration in two provinces after two, four, eight, fifteen, and twenty-one days were calculated 55.8±2.5, 60.8±2.9, 64.9±2.3, 70.2 ±2.3, and 73.7±2.4 percent, respectively. Although this efficiency was significantly lower on the 21st day compared to metaldehyde, the results show that garlic extract is able to cause mortality in immature slug population. In the garlic extract treatment, the estimated amount of damage on the 21st day of the experiment in Mazandaran and Alborz provinces (37.7% and 32.8%, respectively) was significantly lower than the control (89.5% and 81.2%, respectively). Therefore, in order to reduce the application and adverse effects of chemical pesticides, the use of alternation of garlic extract and other molluscicides is recommended in A. agrestis management programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioassay
  • Garlic extract
  • Lettuce
  • Slug
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