بررسی تغییرات فصلی جمعیت سنک عناب (Monosteira alticarinata) و شناسایی دشمنان طبیعی آن در شهرستان بیرجند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سنک عناب Monosteira alticarinata Ghauri  یکی از آفات مهم عناب در استان خراسان جنوبی است که در سال­ های اخیر اهمیت اقتصادی زیادی پیدا کرده است. به منظور بررسی تغییرات فصلی جمعیت و شناسایی دشمنان طبیعی آن از اوایل تا اواخر فصل زراعی سال­ های 1399 و 1400 اقدام به نمونه ­برداری هفتگی شد. برگ عناب به عنوان واحد نمونه ­برداری انتخاب شد. در هر نوبت نمونه­ برداری در مجموع تعداد 200 برگ از 10 درخت منتخب (20 برگ از هر درخت) از جهت­ های مختلف جغرافیایی تهیه و زیر استریومیکروسکوپ اقدام به شمارش مراحل مختلف زیستی و دشمنان طبیعی آن شد. رابطه­ بین تراکم مراحل مختلف رشدی سنک و متغیرهای دما و رطوبت نسبی با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تعیین شد. اوج جمعیت مراحل تخم، پوره­ها و بالغ در سال 1399، به ­ترتیب با میانگین 09/69±3/394، 50/20±4/114 و 92/6±4/42 در تاریخ­ های بیست­ وپنجم مرداد، پانزدهم شهریور و یازدهم مرداد و در سال 1400 به­ ترتیب با میانگین 31/75±9/434، 43/20±126 و 50/11±40 در تاریخ ­های هجدهم مرداد، هشتم شهریور و بیست ­ونهم شهریور به ­دست آمد. تراکم جمعیت سنک ­ها در هر دو سال مورد بررسی با دما همبستگی مثبت و معنی ­دار نشان داد (603/0r1399=، 0001/ P1399=و 475/0r1400=، 08/0P1400=)، ولی با رطوبت نسبی معنی ­دار نبود (265/0-r1399=، 175/0P1399= و 349/0-r1400=، 059/0P1400=). در مجموع، هفت گونه کفشدوزک، یک گونه بالتوری و لارو یک گونه کنه­ پارازیت به عنوان دشمنان طبیعی سنک عناب در بیرجند جمع ­آوری و شناسایی شد. نتایج به ­دست­ آمده در این تحقیق می­ تواند در مدیریت تلفیقی سنک عناب کاربرد داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on seasonal population fluctuations of jujube lace bug (Monosteira alticarinata) and identification of its natural enemies in Birjand region

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. A. Notghi Moghadam 1
  • H. Sadeghi-Namaghi 2
  • S. Moodi 1
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The jujube lace bug, Monosteira alticarinata Ghauri is one of the important pests of jujube in South Khorasan province which gained great economic importance in recent years. To study the seasonal population fluctuations of M. alticarinata and its natural enemies, sampling was done weekly from the start to the end of the cropping season during 2020-2021. Jujube leaf was selected as sampling unit. Ten jujube trees were selected, at each sampling time200 leaves (20 leaves from each tree) were collected from different geographical directions and the number of different biological stages of the jujube lace bug as well as its natural enemies were counted using a stereomicroscope. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between lace bug density and temperature and relative humidity as variables. The highest population density of egg, nymph, and adult lace bug stages were 394.3±69.09, 114.4±20.5, and 42.4±6.92 on August 15th, September 5th, and August 1st, respectively in 2020 and 434.9±75.31, 126±20.43, and 40±11.50 on August 9th, August 30th, and September 20th, respectively in 2021. In both years, a positive and significant correlation was observed between jujube lace bug total population density (r2020= 0.603, P2020=0.0001 and r2021= 0.475, P2021=0.08) with temperature, however the correlation was negative and non-significant for relative humidity (r2020=-0.265, P2020=0.175 and r2021= -0.349, P2021=0.059). In total, seven ladybird species, one lacewing species, and one parasitic mite species were collected and identified as natural enemies of the jujube lace bug in Birjand. The results of present study can be used in the integrated management of the jujube lace bug.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Density
  • jujube pest
  • population fluctuation
  • predator
  • South Khorasan
Ahmadi, K., Qolizadeh, H., Ebadzadeh, H., Hatami, F., Abdshah, H., Rezaei, M. M., Kazemifard, R., & Hosseinpou, R. (2015). Statistics of the Ministry of Jihad and Agriculture: Horticultural Products. (3rd ed.). Information and Communication Technology Center of Ministry of Jihad Agriculture Publishing. (In Farsi)
Ahmadi, S. M., Sadeghi, S. E., Shaysteh, S. N., Safarali Zadeh, M. H., & Ebrahimi, E. (2007). Natural enemies associated with alder leaf beetle, Galerucella lineola (Col.: Chrysomelidae) and the parasitism rates of two parasitoid wasps in Golestan Province forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 4(2), 80-92. (In Farsi)
Akbarzadeh Shoukat, G. A. (2006). Seasonal changes in population of the pear lace bug, stephanitis pyri F. (heteroptera: tingidae), and identification of its natural enemies in west azarbaijan apple orchards. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge, 15(4), 91-100. (In Farsi)
Alizadeh-Kafeshani, F., Rajabpour, A., Aghajanzadeh, S., Gholamian, E., & Farkhari, M. (2024). Investigation on seasonal population dynamics of dominant citrus aphids on Thomson Navel orange and Satsuma mandarin in West of Mazandaran province. Plant Pest Research, 13(4), 65-75. (In Farsi) DOI: 10.22124/IPRJ.2024.26629.1559
Amjad Bashir, M., Batool, M., Khan, H., Shahid Nisar, M., Farooq, H., Hashem, M., Alamri, S., El-Zohri, M. A., Alajmi, R. A., Tahir, M., & Rashid, J. (2022). Effect of temperature & humdity on population dynamics of insects’ pest complex of cotton crop. PLoS ONE, 17(5): e0263260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263260
Babmorad, M., Kajbafvala, G., & Zeinali, S. (2019). Faunestic survey of the pests and natural enemies associated with Euphrates poplar in Khuzestan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 17(1), 40-63. (In Farsi) DOI: 10.22092/ijfrpr.2018.114671.1288
Balacenoiu, F., Simon, D .C., Netoiu, C., Toma, D., & Petritan, I. C. (2021). The seasonal population dynamics of Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and the relationship between meteorological factors and the diurnal flight intensity of the adults in Romanian oak forests. Forests, 12(12), 1774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121774
Balikai, R., Kotikal, Y., & Prasanna, P. M. (2013). Global scenario of insect and non-insect pests of jujube and their management options. Acta Horticulturae, 993(993), 253–277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.993.38
Bolu, H. (2007). Population dynamics of lacebugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae) and its natural enemies in almond orchards of Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 9(1), 33-37.
Deh-pahni, S., Vahedi, H., & Darbemamieh, M. (2023) Population fluctuations of grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), under natural conditions of Kermanshah grapes. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 43(2), 135-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61186/jesi.43.2.5
Ghasemi Dehkordi, N. (2002). Iranian herbal pharmacopoeia. (1st ed.). The Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education Publishing. (In Farsi)
Ghouth, K. (2009). Ziziphus jujube, the neglected fruit. (1st. ed.). Saeedimanesh Press. (In Farsi)
Hasanshahi. G., Askarianzadeh, A., Abbasipour, H., & Karimi, J. (2015). Seasonal population fluctuations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) in cauliflower fields of the south of Tehran. Journal of Plant Protection, 29(2), 187-198. (In Farsi) DOI: 10.22067/JPP.V29I2.23653
Manian, S., & Udaiyan, K. (1992). Altitudinal distribution of the Lantana lace bug, Teleonemia scrupulosa Stal., in the Anaimalai hills (Western Ghats), India. Tropical Pest Management, 38, 93-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879209371655
Mohammadi, S., Seraj, A., & Rajabpour, A. (2015). Effects of six greenhouse cucumber cultivars on reproductive performance and life expectancy of Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acarologia, 55(2), 231-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20152164
Moodi, S. (2002a). Introduction of Monosteira alticarinata Gh. (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and its damage on jujube trees in Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. 7-11 September, Kermanshah, Iran. pp. 189. (In Farsi)
Moodi, S. (2002b). The faunistic survey of jujube pests (Ziziphus jujuba) in Birjand. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. 7-11 September, Kermanshah, Iran. pp. 189. (In Farsi)
Őszi, B., Ladányi, M., & Hufnagel, L. (2005). Population dynamics of the sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Hungary. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 4(1), 135–150.
Pedigo, L. P. (2002). Entomology and pest management. (4th ed.). Iowa University press.
Pedigo, L. P., & Buntin, G. D. )1994). Handbook of sampling methods for arthropods in agriculture. CRC Press, Florida.
Rodrigo, S. S., Costa, V. A., Silva, J. M., & Freitas, S. (2012). Population dynamics of Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in rubber tree plants. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 38(2), 314-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v38i2.9012
Sharma, R. K. and Khokhar, Y. (2019). Population dynamics of the asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (homoptera: psyllidae) in kinnow under submountainous region of punjab. Journal of Experimental Zoology-India, 22(1), 355-359.
Tahergorabi, Z., Abedini, M. R., Moodi, M., Hassanpour Fard, M., & Beydokhti, H. (2015). “Ziziphus jujuba”: A red fruit with promising anticancer activities. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 9(18), 99-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.162108
Tahriri Adabi, S., Sadeghi, S. E., & Bagheri, R. (2013). Effects of different irrigation intervals on monosteria unicostata (Heteroptera: Tingidae) densities in nine poplar species and clones in Karaj, Iran. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 8(1), 477-485.
Tawizi, H. (2018). Jujube: plant, grow, and harvest. (1st ed.). Agricultural Education Publishing, Tehran. (In Farsi).
Verma, S. C. (1999). Population buil-up of Teleonemia scrupulosa Stal. on Lantana camara Linn. in mid hill sub-humid zone of Himachal Pradesh (India). Journal of Entomology Research, 23, 373-375.
Zargari, A. (1997). Medicinal plants. (1ST ed.). Tehran University Press. (In Farsi).