بررسی کارایی چند حشره کش گیاهی و شیمیایی روی آفات مکنده اول فصل در مزارع پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات حشره شناسی کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف تحقیق حاضر تیمار بذر پنبه با آفت‌کش و محلول پاشی گیاهچه با ترکیبات گیاهی مناسب است به نحوی که در کنترل آفات مکنده اول فصل در مزارع پنبه موثر باشد. در این پژوهش تاثیر تیمارها‌ شامل:  1-تیمار بذر با تیامتوکسام (کروزر®)، 2-تیمار بذر با تیودیکارب (لاروین®)، 3-تیمار بذر با ایمیداکلوپرید (گائوچو®)، 4-محلول­پاشی صابون حشره‌کش حاوی روغن نارگیل (پالیزین®)، 5-محلول­پاشی حشره‌کش گیاهی حاوی عصاره فلفل (تنداکسیر®)، 6-محلول­پاشی ایمیداکلوپراید (کنفیدور®) و 7-شاهد، بر آفات مکنده اول فصل گیاهچه پنبه بررسی شد. این بررسی در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با پنج تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی داراب طی دو سال (1399 و 1400) انجام شد. تیمار دوم و سوم فقط در سال دوم آزمایش به کار رفتند. نتایج سال اول نشان داد که تیمار بذر پنبه با کروزر® نسبت به دیگر تیمارها که به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی به کار رفتند، گیاهچه پنبه را تا یکماه بعد از کاشت، عاری از شته پنبه (Aphis gossypii Glover) نگه داشت. نتایج تجزیه آماری 41 روز بعد از کاشت نشان داد مؤثرترین روش کنترل تریپس پیاز (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) مربوط به تیمار بذر با کروزر® است. نتایج سال دوم آزمایش نشان داد که تیمار بذور پنبه با حشره‌کش‌های کروزر®، لاروین® و گائوچو® باعث کاهش معنی‌دار تراکم جمعیت پوره سفیدبالک پنبه [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] تا انتهای دوره نمونه‌برداری (41 روز بعد از کاشت) شد. محلول ­پاشی گیاهچه با ترکیب‌های گیاهی (پالیزین® و تنداکسیر®) در هر دو سال در ابتدا اثر معنی­ داری بر کاهش جمعیت شته و سفیدبالک گذاشتند، ولی با افزایش زمان نسبت به دیگر تیمارها اثر آنها کمتر شد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، تیمار بذر با کروزر® نه­ تنها باعث کنترل بیشتر آفات مکنده گیاهچه پنبه (تریپس پیاز، شته پنبه و سفیدبالک پنبه) شد، بلکه از لحاظ اقتصادی، سلامتی کاربر و اثرهای زیست­ محیطی نیز می‌تواند گزینه بهتری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the efficacy of some botanical and chemical insecticides on first-season sucking pests in cotton fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Mahmoudi 1
  • G. R. Gol Mohammadi 2
1 Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of the current research is treatment of cotton seeds with appropriate pesticides and foliar application with plant compounds in a way that be effective in control of first-season sap sucking pests in cotton fields. This experiment was designed to study the effect of several treatments including: 1-seed treatment with Thiamethoxam (Cruiser®), 2-seed treatment with Thiodicarb (Larvin®), 3-seed treatment with Imidacloprid (Gaucho®), 4-foliar application of insecticidal soap containing coconut oil (Palizin®), 5-foliar application of botanical insecticide containing pepper extract (Tondexir®), 6-foliar application of imidacloprid (Confidor®), and 7-control for control of first-season sap sucking pests in cotton fields. This research was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five replications at Darab Agricultural Research Station during two years (2020 and 2021). Seed treatments with Larvin® and Gaucho® were applied only in the second year of experiment. The results of the first year of the experiment showed that the cotton seed treatment with Cruser® kept the cotton seedlings free from the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) until one month after the sowing date compared to other treatments that were applied as foliar spraying. The results of statistical analysis 41 days after sowing date showed that the most effective control method of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) is seed treatment with Cruiser®. The results of the second year of the experiment showed that Cruzer®, Larvin®, and Gaucho®, which were impregnated with cotton seeds, caused a significant decrease in the population density of cotton whitefly nymph [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] until the end of the sampling period (41 days after sowing date). Foliar spraying of seedlings with herbal compounds (Palizin® and Tondexir®) in both years initially had a significant effect on reducing the population of aphids and whiteflies, but with increase of the time, their effect was less than other treatments. Based on the results of the present research, seed treatment with Cruzer® not only offers more control against cotton seedling sucking pests (onion thrips, cotton aphid and cotton whitefly), but also can be a better option in terms of economy, user's health and environmental effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphids
  • Cruiser®
  • Palizin®
  • Thrips
  • Whitefly
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