ارزیابی خسارت کرم خرّاط Zeuzera pyrina (Lep.: Cossidae) در باغ های میوه منطقه ارومیه و بررسی چند روش کنترل آن در درختان گردو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی آذربایجان‌غربی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

کرم خرّاط، Zeuzera pyrina L.، از آفات مهم چوب­خوار تعدادی از درختان میوه به­ خصوص درختان گردو است. خسارت این آفت در سال­ های اخیر در منطقه ارومیه افزایش قابل توجهی داشته است. در این تحقیق، میزان خسارت آفت روی درختان میوه مختلف از جمله سیب، گردو و هلو مقایسه شد. بهترین روش کنترل آفت با استفاده از دو حشره ­کش و تله­ های فرومونی و نوری روی درختان گردو در شرایط صحرایی بررسی شد. بیشترین خسارت آفت در درختان گردو در روستای بالو و کمترین خسارت در روستاهای گجین و حاجی ­آباد مشاهده شد. درختان گردوی مسن­تر (25-30 ساله) نسبت به درختان جوان ­تر خسارت بیشتری متحمل شدند. در سال 1399، اوج ظهور حشرات کامل کرم خرّاط به صورت شکار انبوه با تله فرومونی در تاریخ هشت خرداد ثبت شد. دو هفته بعد از اوج پرواز، روش ­های کنترل شامل کاربرد حشره ­کش­ های هگزافلومورون و ایمیداکلوپراید به­ همراه تله ­های فرومونی و نوری ارزیابی شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل، هگزافلومورون همراه با تله فرومونی بهترین کارایی را از نظر کاهش میزان خسارت آفت در سال 1400 نشان داد. بنابراین، این روش کنترل می­ تواند به ­نحو مؤثری در برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی کرم خرّاط استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Damage assessment of the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina (Lep.: Cossidae) in orchards of Urmia region and investigation on some of its control methods in walnut trees

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Talebi 1
  • S. A. Safavi 1
  • M. Fourouzan 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, West Azerbayjan Agricultural Research Center, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. is an important woodborer in orchards especially on walnut trees. Its damage has been remarkably increased in Urmia region in recent years. In this research, the amount of pest damage was compared on different orchards such as apple, walnut and peach. The best control method of pest was investigated by using of two insecticides, pheromone and light traps in field conditions. The highest pest damage was observed on walnut trees in Balo village and the least damage was recorded in Gajin and Haji-Abad villages. Old walnut trees (25-30 years old) suffered more damages than younger trees. In 2020, peak of adult leopard moth emergence was recorded in May 29 by using pheromone trap via mass trapping. Two weeks after flight peak, control methods including the use of Hexaflumuron and Imidacloprid insecticides along with pheromone and light traps were assessed. Based on the obtained results, Hexaflumuron along with the pheromone trap exhibited the best efficacy considering the reduced pest damage in 2021. Thus, this method can be used effectively in integrated management program of leopard moth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical control
  • flight peak
  • leopard moth
  • light trap
  • pheromone trap
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