تاثیر کشت گیاهان پوششی مختلف در باغ های گلابی در تنظیم جمعیت پسیل گلابی، Cacopsylla pyricola

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

کشت گیاهان پوششی یکی از روش­های رایج در مدیریت زیستگاه برای افزایش تنوع بندپایان مفید است. در پژوهش حاضر تأثیر کشت گیاهان پوششی بین ردیف­های درختان گلابی، Pyrus communis L.، در تراکم جمعیت و میزان خسارت پسیل گلابی، Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster)، و دشمنان طبیعی آن روی درختان گلابی طی دو سال متوالی 1401 و 1402 بررسی شد. گیاهان پوششی مورد آزمایشی شامل (1) شبدر قرمز، Trifolium pratense L.، (2) رزماری، Rosmarinus officinalis L. ، (3) کلزا، Brassica napus L.، (4) کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا و (5) شاهد فاقد گیاهان پوششی بودند. نتایج نشان دادند که کمترین تراکم تخم­ها، پوره­ها و حشرات کامل پسیل گلابی و نیز درصد برگ­ها و میوه­های دارای علایم خسارت پسیل به ازای یک شاخه 30 سانتی­متری در کرت­های حاوی کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا مشاهده شد. همچنین، بیشترین فراوانی کل شکارگرها در کرت­های حاوی کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا ثبت شد. در بین شکارگرهای جمع­آوری شده گونه­های Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius)، Orius niger (Wolff)، Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)، Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) و Episyrphus balteatus De Geer به­ترتیب فراوانی بیشتری داشتند. بیشترین مقدار شاخص تنوع شانون (22/2H΄ =  در سال 1401 و 20/2 در سال 1402) و شاخص یکنواختی پیلو (96/0 J' =  در هر دو سال مورد آزمایش) برای ترکیب گونه­های شکارگر پسیل گلابی در کرت­های حاوی کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا محاسبه شد. بنابراین، می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا بین درختان گلابی موجب افزایش تنوع و فراوانی شکارگرها و کاهش جمعیت پسیل گلابی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of cultivation of different cover crops in pear orchards in population regulation of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola

نویسنده [English]

  • S. A. A. Fathi
Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sowing cover crops is one of the agricultural practices in habitat management for enhancing the diversity of beneficial arthropods. In this study, the impact of sowing cover crops between the lines of pear trees, Pyrus communis L., was assessed on the densities and damage of the pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), and natural enemies on the pear orchards over two growing seasons (2022 and 2023). Experimental cover crops were (1) red clover, Trifolium pratense L., (2) rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., (3) canola, Brassica napus L., (4) mix cultivation clover-rosemary-canola, and (5) absence of cover crops (as control). The results indicated that the lowest densities of the eggs, nymphs, and adults, and the percent of infested leaves and fruits of the pear psylla per 30-cm branch were observed in the plots with mixed cultivation of clover-rosemary-canola. Moreover, the highest total abundance of predators was recorded in the mix of clover-rosemary-canola plots. Among the collected natural enemies, Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius), Orius niger (Wolff), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), and Episyrphus balteatus De Geer, respectively indicated the higher abundance. The greatest values of the Shannon diversity index ( = 2.22 in 2022 and 2.20 in 2023) and the Pielou's evenness index (J' = 0.96 in two years) for the combination of predators were calculated in the mix clover-rosemary-canola plots. Therefore, it could be concluded that cultivating of the mix clover-rosemary-canola between pear trees results in the rise of diversity and abundance of predators and the reduction of pear psylla.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Psylla
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Natural enemies
  • Sustainable agriculture
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