فراسنجه‌های زیستی، ریخت‌شناختی و بوم‌شناختی کفشدوزکHarmonia axyridis (Col.: Coccinellidae)؛ تأثیر چندشکلی رنگی، محل نمونه‌برداری و نسل حشره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

پراکنش کفشدوزک Harmonia axyridis  به عنوان یک حشره­ شکارگر اما مهاجم تازه­وارد به ایران در نوار شمالی کشور بررسی شد. برخی ویژگی­های زیستی و ریخت­­شناسی آن مانند الگوهای رنگی، نسبت جنسی و طول بدن حشره­ بالغ در نمونه­های چهار منطقه­ جغرافیایی شمال و شمال­شرق ایران و همچنین، دو نسل از شهرستان رشت مطالعه شد، تا تأثیر محل نمونه­برداری و نسل حشره ارزیابی شود. توان تولیدمثلی ماده­های دو رنگ اصلی این حشره؛ ملانیک و غیرملانیک، در نسل زمستانگذران و تابستانه نیز بررسی شد. از استان­های گیلان، مازندران، گلستان و خراسان شمالی نمونه­برداری با موفقیت انجام شد. نسبت افراد ملانیک در کل نمونه­های جمع آوری شده از گردنه حیران، شفت، بجنورد، رشت (جمعیت زمستانگذران) و رشت (جمعیت بهاره) به­ترتیب 51/11، 64/12، 57/10، 17/12 و 63/11 درصد بود. همچنین، نسبت جنسی در جمعیت­های مزبور 38 تا 44 درصد و فاقد تفاوت معنی­دار بود. میانگین طول بدن حشره بالغ در جمعیت بجنورد (029/± 57/6 میلی­متر) از چهار جمعیت دیگر بیشتر بود. از نظر میزان تخمگذاری تفاوتی بین الگوهای رنگی ملانیک و غیرملانیک در نسل زمستانگذران و تابستانه مشاهده نشد، اما ماده­های زمستانگذران در مقایسه با ماده­های تابستانه باروری بالاتری داشتند. در این پژوهش، پیشرفت پراکنش این کفشدوزک در برخی استان­های نوار شمالی کشور، نسبت به محل اولین گزارش آن، تأیید شد. همچنین، مشخص شد محل نمونه­برداری و نسل حشره در زیستگاه­های جدید، تأثیری بر نسبت الگوهای رنگی ندارد و میزان زادآوری نمی­تواند یکی از عوامل تنظیم­کننده نسبت افراد هر الگوی رنگی در نسل بعد باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biological, morphological, and ecological parameters of Harmonia axyridis (Col.: Coccinellidae); effect of color polymorphism, location, and generation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Farhoudi 1
  • Ahad Sahragard 1
  • Reza Hosseini 1
  • Atefeh Sabouri 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Distribution of Harmonia axyridis as an invasive predator, newly appeared in Iran, was investigted in northern provinces of Iran. Some biological and morphological traits were studied, including color morphs, sex ratio, and adults body length. Samples were collected from four regions in north and east-north of Iran as well as two generations of Rasht population to assess the effect of geographical location and insect’s generation. Reproductive potential of females of two main color morphs (melanic and non-melanic) was also investigated in overwintering and summer generations. Sampling were succesful in Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and North Khorasan. Proportion of melanic individuals in Heyran, Shaft, Bojnourd, Rasht (overwintering population), and Rasht (spring population) was 11.51, 12.64, 10.57, 12.17, and 11.63, respectively. Sex ratios ranged from 38 to 44% showing no difference among the obovevmentioned populations. Mean length of adult insect body in individuals from Bojnord (6.57±0.029 mm) was larger than others. There was no difference between females of the two main color morphs in terms of oviposition potential. However, overwintering females laid significantly more eggs than summer females, regardless of color morphs. This study confirmed progress of H. axyridis distribution towards new areas. Moreover, it was indicated that sampling location and generation have no effect on color morphs ratio in newly invaded areas, and oviposition rate cannot be a regulating factor for color morphs ratio in next generation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Asian multicolored lady beetle
  • Body length
  • Polymorphism
  • Reproductive potential
  • Sex ratio
Aqaverdi, N. I., & Inqilab, N. G. (2019). Some Bioecological Peculiarities and Predatories of Myzocallis coryli (Goeze, 1778) and Corylobium avellanae (Schrank, 1801) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Azerbaijan. American Journal of Entomology, 3(1), 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/ j.aje.20190301.11
Awad, M., Kalushkov, P., Karabüyük, F., & Nedvěd, O. (2015). Non-random mating activity of colour morphs of ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 79, 11–17. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-013-9512-4
Aysal T., & Kivan, M. (2014). Occurrence of an invasive alien species Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 4(3), 141–146. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.17261
Bazzocchi, G. G., Lanzoni, A., Accinelli, G., & Burgio, G. (2004). Overwintering, phenology, and fecundity of Harmonia axyridis in comparison with native coccinellid species in Italy. Biocontrol, 49, 245–260.
Belyakova, N. (2013). Polymorphism of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Baikal population. Entomological Review, 93(1), 50–55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1134/S0013873813010089
Berkvens, N., Bale, J. S., Berkvens, D., Tirry, L., & De Clercq, P. (2010). Cold tolerance of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis in Europe. Journal of Insect Physiology, 56, 438–444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.11.019
Blekhman A. V., Goryacheva I. I., & Zakharov I. A. (2010). Differentiation of Harmonia axyridis Pall according to polymorphic morphological traits and variability of the mitochondrial COI gene. Moscow University Biological Science Bulletin, 65, 174–176.
Blekhman, A. V. (2014). The modern structure of broad range of ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and the probable reasons for its formation. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 93, 857–867.
Brakefield, P. M., & Willmer, P. G. (1985). The basis of thermal melanism in the ladybird Adalia bipunctata: Differences in reflectance and thermal properties between the morphs. Heredity, 54, 9–14.
Brown, P. M. J., Adriaens, T., Bathon, H., et al. (2008a). Harmonia axyridis in Europe: spread and distribution of a non-native coccinellid. BioControl, 53, 5–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10526-007-9132-y
Brown, P. M. J., Roy, H. E., Rothery, P., et al. (2008b). Harmonia axyridis in Great Britain: analysis of the spread and distribution of a non-native coccinellid. Biocontrol, 53, 55–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-007-9124-y
Bukejs, A., & Telnov, D. (2014). The first record of the invasive lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Turkey. Zoology and Ecology, 25, 59–62. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2014.984490
Camacho-Cervantes, M., Ortega-Iturriaga, A., & Del-Val, E. (2017). From effective biocontrol agent to successful invader: the harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) as an example of good ideas that could go wrong. Peer Journal, 5, e3296. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3296
Gordon, R. D. (1985). The Coleoptera (Coccinellidae) of America north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93, 1–912.
He, J. L., Ma, E. P., Shen, Y. C., Chen, W. L., & Sun, X. Q. (1994). Observations of the biological characteristics of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of the Shanghai Agricultural College, 12, 119–124.
Hemptinne, J., Magro, L. A., Evans, E. W., & Dixon, A. F. G. (2012). Body size and the rate of spread of invasive ladybird beetles in North America. Biological Invasions, 14(3), 595–605. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0101-0
Hodek, I., & Honek A. (1996). Ecology of Coccinellidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston.
Hosino, Y. (1940). Genetical studies of the pattern types of the lady-bird beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Journal of Genetics, 40, 215–228
Hukusima, S., & Kamei M. (1970). Effects of various species of aphids as food on development, fecundity and longevity of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, 29, 53–66.
Hukusima, S., & Ohwaki, T. (1972). Further notes on feeding biology of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, 33, 75–82.
Iperti, G., & Bertand, E. (2001). Hibernation of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in South-Eastern France. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 65, 207–210.
Kalashian, M. Y., Ghrejyan, T. L., & Karagyan G. H. (2017). Harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pall. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Armenia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 8(4), 313–315. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S207511171704004X
Katsanis, A., Babendreier, D., Nentwig, W., & Kenis, M. (2013). Intraguild predation between the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis and non-target European coccinellid species. Biocontrol, 58, 73–83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10526-012-9470-2
Koch, R. L. (2003). The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis: A review of its biology, uses in biological control, and non-target impact.  Journal of Insect Science, 3(32), 1–16.
Komai, T. (1956). Genetics of ladybeetles. Advance Genetics, 8, 155–188.
Labrie, G., Lucas, É., & Coderre, D. (2006). Can developmental and behavioral characteristics of the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis explain its invasive success? Biological Invasions, 8, 743–754.
LaMana, M. L., & Miller, J. C. (1996). Field observations on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological control, 6, 232–237.
Mardani-Talaee, M., Zibaee, A., Rahimi, V., Zare-Khormizi, M., Mansouri, S. M., & Nedved, O. (2019). Occurrence of the invasive ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Iran. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 73(1), 114 – 120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-73.1.114
McCornack, B. P., Koch, R. L., & Ragsdale, D. W. (2007). A simple method for in-field sex determination of the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis. Journal of Insect Science, 7, 1–12.
Nalepa, C. A. (2013). Coccinellidae captured in blacklight traps: Seasonal and diel pattern of the dominant species Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology 110(4), 593–597.
Olszak, R. W. (1988). Voracity and development of three species of Coccinellidae, preying upon different species of aphids, in Ecology and effectiveness of Aphidophaga, ed by Niemczyk E and Dixon AFG. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 47–53.
Osawa, N., & Nishida, T. (1992). Seasonal variation in elytral color polymorphism in Harmonia axyridis (the ladybird beetle) – the role of nonrandom mating. Heredity, 69, 297–307.
Osawas, N. (2001). The effect of hibernation on the seasonal variation in adult body size and sex ratio of the polymorphic ladybird beetle Harmonia Axyridis: the role of thermal melanism, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 65, 269–278.
Raak-van den Berg, C. L., Hemerik, L., De Jong, P. W., & Van Lenteren, J. C. (2012a). Mode of overwintering of invasive Harmonia axyridis in the Netherlands. BioControl, 57, 71–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-011-9394-2
Raak-van den Berg, C. L., Stam, J. M., De Jong, P. W., Hemerik, L., & Van Lenteren, J. C. (2012b). Winter survival of Harmonia axyridis in the Netherlands. Biological Control, 60, 68–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.10.001
Roy, H. E., Brown, P. M. J., & Adriaens, T. (2016). The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology. Biological Invasions, 18, 997–1044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1077-6
Ruan, C. C., Du, W. M., Wang, X. M, Zhang, J. J., & Zang, L. S. (2012). Effect of long-term cold storage on the fitness of pre-wintering Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Biological Control, 57, 95–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-011-9414-2
Seo, M. J., Kim, G. H., & Youn, Y. N. (2007). Differences in biological and behavioural characteristics of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) according to colour patterns of elytra. Journal of Applied Entomology, 132: 239–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01241.x
Soares, A. O., Coderre, D., & Schanderl, H. (2001). Fitness of two phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 98, 287–293.
Tan, C. C. (1946). Mosaic dominance in the inheritance of color patterns in the ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Genetics, 31, 195–210
Tan, C. C., & Li, J. C. (1934). Inheritance of the elytral color patterns of the lady-bird beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas. American Naturalist, 68, 252–265.
Tedders, W. L., & Schaefer, P. W. (1994). Release and establishment of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the southeastern United States. Entomological News, 105, 228–243.
Wang, S., Michaud, J. P., Zhang, R., Liu, S., & Zhang, F. (2009). Seasonal cycles of assortative mating and reproductive behaviour in polymorphic populations of Harmonia axyridis in China. Ecological Entomology, 34(4), 483-494.
Ware, R. L., & Majerus, M. E. N. (2008). Intraguild predation of immature stages of British and Japanese coccinellids by the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis. BioControl, 53, 169–188.
Zakharov, A., Zinkevich, N. S., Shaikevich, E. V., Vysotskaia, L. V., Dorzhu, C. M., & Majerus, M. E. (1999). Sex ratio and male killing in Siberian populations of Harmonia axyridis (Pass.). Genetika, 35, 771–776.
Zakharov, I., & Blekhman A. (2013). Comparative analysis of invasive and native populations of Harmonia axyridis by a complex of morphological traits. IOBC/wprs Bulletin, 94, 131–139.
Zeki, E., Papanikolau, N. E., Demiris, N., & Kontomidas, D. C. (2015). Comparison of the demographic parameters and survival of two phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 112(1), 193–196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2015.004