حساسیت سوسک گرده‌خوار کلزا (Brassicogethes aeneus) به حشره‌کش‌های آزادیراکتین، آلفاسایپرمترین، ایمیداکلوپرید و ماترین در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده‌ علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

سوسک گرده­خوار کلزا Brassicogethes aeneus، یکی از آفات کلیدی و مهم گیاه کلزا در استان­های شمالی کشور است. در این پژوهش کارایی دو حشره­کش گیاهی ماترین و آزادیراکتین و هم­چنین، حشره­کش­های آلفاسایپرمترین و ایمیداکلوپرید، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه­ای، روی این آفت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. زیست­سنجی آزمایشگاهی از طریق قرار دادن حشرات در معرض غلظت­های مختلف (پنج غلظت برای هر حشره­کش) انجام شد. در این آزمایش­ها، بیشترین حساسیت به حشره­کش آلفاسایپرمترین ثبت شد (mg ai/L 1/0LC50=) و پس از آن، به­ترتیب حشره­کش­های ماترین (2/1)، ایمیداکلوپرید (60) و آزادیراکتین (mg ai/L 7/100) قرار گرفتند. آزمایش مزرعه­ای در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی به سه شیوه مختلف اجرا شد: ایجاد مانع (پارچه­ توری) پیش از اعمال تیمارها، ایجاد مانع پس از اعمال تیمارها و کرت­های بدون مانع. در شرایط مزرعه­ای (تیمار رایج؛ بدون مانع)، حشره­کش­های گیاهی کنداثرتر بوده و کارایی مناسب آن­ها چهار روز بعد از تیمار مشاهده شد. با این حال، پس از یک هفته، کارایی هر چهار تیمار بیش از 90 درصد بود. در نقطه پایانی آزمایش (چهار هفته)، بیشترین کارایی را ایمیداکلوپرید (4/73 درصد) داشت و پس از آن، تیمارهای آلفاسایپرمترین (59 درصد)، ماترین (4/51 درصد) و آزادیراکتین (9/47 درصد) قرار داشتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که حشره­کش آلفاسایپرمترین در شرایط انبوهی آفت می­تواند به عنوان جایگزین تیمار رایج ایمیداکلوپرید استفاده شود. علاوه بر این، داده­ها نشان­دهنده کارایی مناسب و قابل رقابت ترکیب گیاهی ماترین برای کنترل این آفت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The susceptibility of rapeseed pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) to Azadirachtin, Alphacypermetrin, Imidacloprid and Matrin in laboratory and field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nastaran Akbari Nodehi 1
  • M. Mohammadi Sharif 1
  • Seyad Yousef Mousavi Toghani 2
  • Masoumeh Shayanmehr 1
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy , Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

The rapeseed pollen beetle, Brassicogethes aeneus is one of the key and important pests of rapeseed in the northern provinces of Iran. In this research, the effectiveness of two botanical insecticides, Matrin and azadirachtin, as well as chemical insecticides, Alphacypermetrin and Imidacloprid, were investigated against this pest in laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory bioassay was performed by exposing the insects to different concentrations of the insecticides (five concentrations for each insecticide). In these assays, the highest susceptibility was recorded to Alphacypermetrin (LC50 = 0.1 mg ai/L) and after that, Matrin (1.2), Imidacloprid (60.0), and Azadirachtin (100.7 mg ai/L), respectively. A field experiment, in the form of a randomized complete block design, was implemented in three different methods: creating a barrier (lace fabric) before or after conducting the treatments and plots without any barriers. In the field conditions (common treatment; no barrier), the efficacy of botanicals was slower but after four days, their appropriate effectiveness was observed. However, after one week, the efficiency of all four treatments was more than 90 percent. At the endpoint of the experiment (four weeks), Imidacloprid was the most effective (73.4 %) and after that, there were Alphacypermetrin (59 %), Matrin (51.4 %), and Azadirachtin (47.9 %) treatments. The results of this research showed that Alphacypermetrin can be used as an alternative to Imidacloprid (the prevalent treatment) in pest outbreak conditions. In addition, the data showed the appropriate and competitive efficiency of Matrin, to control rapeseed pollen beetle.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Botanical insecticide
  • Canola
  • Field efficiency of insecticides
  • Laboratory bioassay
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