تأثیر سامانه‌های کشت مخلوط چغندرقند و شبدر قرمز بر مهار زیستی شتهAphis fabae ، دشمنان طبیعی و صفات زراعی چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزشی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج،ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی ، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ایران

چکیده

کشت محصولات متنوع، یک استراتژی کلیدی درکشاورزی پایدار است. افزایش تنوع گیاهی در سامانه­های کشت مخلوط می­تواند در مهار زیستی آفات مناسب باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط چغندرقند – شبدر قرمز بر جمعیت Aphis fabae Aphis fabae Scopoli، دشمنان طبیعی شامل Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus، Hippodamia variegata Goeze، Orius niger Wolf، Linnaeus O. minutus و Chrysoperla carnea Stephens و برخی صفات زراعی چغندرقند، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کاملاً تصادفی در 4 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: تک کشتی چغندرقند (شاهد) و هفت نوع سیستم کشت نواری شامل: 1) دو ردیف چغندرقند و چهار ردیف شبدر، 2) دو ردیف چغندرقند و سه ردیف شبدر، 3) یک ردیف چغندرقند و دو ردیف شبدر، 4) دو ردیف چغندرقند و دو ردیف شبدر، 5) سه ردیف چغندرقند و دو ردیف شبدر، 6) دو ردیف چغندرقند و یک ردیف شبدر و 7) چهار ردیف چغندرقند و دو ردیف شبدر بودند. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای مختلف کشت مخلوط چغندرقند و شبدر قرمز روی جمعیت شته سیاه باقلا، دشمنان طبیعی و صفات زراعی شامل عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد برگ و اندام هوایی در سطح احتمال 1 % معنی­دار می­باشد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمار دو ردیف چغندرقند و چهار ردیف شبدر قرمز می­تواند در مدیریت تلفیقی و مهار زیستی A. fabae در مزراع چغندرقند مفید باشد و صفات زراعی را بهبود دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of intercropping systems of sugar beet and red clover on biological control of Aphis fabae (Hem.: Aphididae), natural enemies, and agronomic traits of sugar beet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Moarefi 1
  • Ali Hamrahi 2
  • kobra fotouhi 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran,
3 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cultivation of diverse crops is a strategy key in sustainable agriculture. Increasing plant diversity in intercropping systems can be suitable for biological control of pests. In order to investigate the effect of mixed cultivation of sugar beet and red clover on the population of Aphis fabae Scopoli, natural enemies including Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Hippodamia variegata Goeze, Orius niger Wolf, O. minutus Linnaeus, and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, and some agricultural traits of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized block design in four replications. Experimental treatments included monoculture of sugar beet (control) and seven types of strip cultivation systems including: 1) two rows of sugar beet  and four rows of red clover, 2) two rows of sugar beet and three rows of red clover, 3) one row of sugar beet and two rows of red clover, 4) two rows of sugar beet and two rows of red clover 5) three rows of sugar beet and two rows of red clover, 6) two rows of sugar beet and one row of red clover, 7) four rows of sugar beet and two rows of red clover. The results of this research showed that the different treatments of sugar beet and red clover intercropping on the aphid population, natural enemies, and agricultural traits including root yield, leaf yield, and shoot yield are significant at 1% probability level. The results of this research showed that the treatment of two rows of sugar beet and four rows of red clover can be useful in integrated pest management and biological control of A. fabae in sugar beet fields and improve agricultural traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • predators
  • Karaj
  • Integrated pest management
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