تاثیر سطوح مختلف کودهای نیتروژنی و پتاسیمی بر جبران خسارت ساقه‌خوار نواری برنج، Chilo suppressalis (Lep.: Crambidae) در مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از کود پتاسیمی به همراه کود نیترونی می­تواند در بازیابی آسیب­های گیاه برنج در هنگام حمله کرم ساقه­خوار مفید باشد که در نهایت منجر به کاهش مصرف حشره­کش­های شیمیایی در شالیزار می­شود. این پژوهش در مرحله رویشی گیاه و نسل اول آفت روی برنج رقم هاشمی انجام شد. برای انجام آزمایش از تیمارهایی به شرح زیر استفاده شد: T0= بدون استفاده از کود نیتروژنی و پتاسیمی (شاهد)،T1 =مصرف 100 کیلوگرم کود اوره+100 کیلوگرم کود سولفات پتاسیم،T2 =مصرف 130 کیلوگرم کود اوره+150 کیلوگرم کود سولفات پتاسیم،T3 =مصرف 163 کیلوگرم کود اوره+200 کیلوگرم کود سولفات پتاسیم،T4 =مصرف 195 کیلوگرم کود اوره+250 کیلوگرم کود سولفات پتاسیم. نتایج نشان داد که مناسب­­ترین مقدار کودی ترکیب کودهای نیتروژنی و پتاسیمی به ترتیب 130 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت تقسیط در دو مرحله می­تواند خسارت کرم ساقه­خوار نواری برنج را در نسل اول و در مرحله رویشی گیاه برنج جبران نموده و حتی منجر به افزایش عملکرد آن نسبت به تیمار شاهد شود. همچنین، رابطه رگرسیونی بین جوانه­های مرکزی مرده و میزان عملکرد محصول برنج ناشی از تیمارهای کودی طی دو سال پژوهش نشان داد که با کاهش درصد آلودگی جوانه­های مرکزی در نسل اول، میزان عملکرد محصول در تیمارهای مورد آزمایش روند افزایشی داشت. بنابراین، موفقیت در مدیریت ساقه­خوار نیازمند توسعه روش­های بهینه برای جبران خسارت و افزایش تولید برنج می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the compensation of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lep.: Crambidae) in the field

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Majidi-Shilsar
  • H. Shokrivahed
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The use of potassium fertilizer along with nitrogen fertilizer can be useful in recovering the damages of the rice plant during the attack of the stem borer, which ultimately leads to the reduction of the use of chemical insecticides in the paddy field. This research was carried out in the vegetative phase of the plant and the first generation of the pest on Hashemi cultivar rice. The following treatments were used for the experiment: T0=without the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (control), T1=consumption of 46 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare with 50 kg of pure potassium oxide per hectare (100 kg of urea fertilizer+100 kg of fertilizer Potassium sulfate), T2=Consumption of 60 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare with 75 kg of pure potassium oxide per hectare (130 kg of urea fertilizer+150 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer), T3=Consumption of 75 kg of nitrogen per 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare pure per hectare (163 kg of urea fertilizer+200 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer) and T4=consumption of 90 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare with 125 kg of pure potassium oxide per hectare (195 kg of urea fertilizer+25 kg of sulfate fertilizer). The results showed that the most appropriate amount of fertilizer to compensate for the damage caused by the rice stem borer is the combination of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, respectively 130 and 150 kg per hectare in two stages in the form of division and during the growth stage of the rice plant and in addition to compensation, it leads to an increase in its yield compared to the control treatment. Also, the regression relationship between dead hearts and rice crop yield due to fertilizer treatments during two years of research showed that with decreasing the percentage of dead hearts contamination in the first generation, crop yield in the treated treatments had an increasing trend. Therefore, success in stem borer management requires the development of optimal methods to compensate the damage and increase rice production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agronomic control
  • chemical fertilizer
  • compensation
  • dead hearts
  • rice

مراجع

Alinia, F., Ghareyazie, B., Rubia, L., Bennett, J. and Cohen, M. B. 2000. Effect of plant age, larval age, and fertilizer treatment on resistance of a cry1Ab-transformed aromatic rice to Lepidopterous stem borers and foliage feeders. Journal of Economic Entomology 93: 484-493.
Barbour, J. D., Farrar, R. R. and Kennedy, G. G. 1991. Interaction of fertilizer regime with host plant resistance in tomato. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 60: 289-300.
Bhutto, A. A., Farhanullahkhan, M., Ursani, T. J., and Chandio, J. I. 2015. Compensatory behavior of paddy in response to additional nitrogen and phosphorus application with incidence of yellow rice stem borer. Fuuast Journal of Biology 5(2): 285-288
Chatterjee1, S. and Mondal, P. 2020. Impact of Nitrogen and Potash on the Incidence of Scirpophaga incertulas and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Yield of Rice. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management. 11(5): 482-487
Dhaliwal, G. S., Jindal, V. and Dhawan, A. K. 2010. Insect pest problems and crop losses: Changing trends. Indian Journal of Ecology 37: 1-7.
Fuchs, W. H. and Grossmann, F. 1972. Emhrung und Resistenz von Kulturpflanzen gegendiber Krankheitserregem und Schiidlingen. Im Handbuch der Pflanzenemfhrung und Dfingung. Editor Linser, H., Springer-Verlag, Wien-New-York, 1006-1107.
Jiang, M. X. and Cheng, J. A. 2003. Interaction between the stripped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lep., pyralidae) larvae and rice plants in response to nitrogen fertilization, Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde. Journal of Pest Science 76: 124-128.
Khush, G. S. 2005. What it will take to feed five billion rice consumers by 2030. Plant Molecular Biology 59: 1-6.
Lal, O. P. 1996. Recent advances in Entomology (Ed.) Lal, O.P. APC publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 392.
Ma, K. C. and Lee, S. C. 1996. Occurrence of major rice insect pests at different transplanting times and fertilizer levels in paddy field. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 35(2): 132-136.
Mahapatra, G. K. and Nanda, U. 1996. Integrating neem in yellow stem borer management in kharif rice. Indian Journal of Entomology 58(4): 369-373.
Majidi Shilsar, F. 2015. Crop loss assessment of rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker on Hashemi rice variety under field conditions. Plant Protection Journal 5(2): 25-37. (In Farsi)
Majidi-Shilsar, F. 2019. Combining effect of Enthomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and insecticides against Chilo suppressalis in field conditions. Journal of Entomological Research 10(4): 89-101. (In Farsi)
Oosterhuis, D. 2001. Physiology and nutrition of high yielding cotton in the USA. Informac¸ Oes Agronômicas Piracicaba 95: 18-24.
Perrenoud, S. 1990. Potassium and Plant Health. International Potash Institute Bern/ Switzerland Int. 365 pp.
Pettigrew, W. T. 2008. Potassium influences on yield and quality production for maize, wheat, soybean and cotton. Physiologia Plantarum 133: 670-681.
Quampah, A., Wang, R. M., Shamsi, I. H., Jilani, G., Zhang, Q., Hua, S. and Xu, H. 2011. Improving water productivity by potassium application in various rice genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 13: 9-17.
Read, J. J., Reddy, K. R. and Jenkins, J. N. 2006. Yield and fiber quality of Upland cotton as induced by nitrogen and potassium nutrition. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 282-290.
Salim, M. 2002. Nitrogen induced changes in rice plant: Effects on host-insect interactions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 17(3): 210-220.
Samiayyan, K. and Janarthanan, R. 1988. Effect of potassium in combination with nitrogen on the incidence of green leaf hopper in rice. Plant Protection Bulletin 40(2): 1-3.
Sarwar, M. 2012. Effects of potassium fertilization on population build up of rice stem borers (lepidopteron pests) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds 3(1): 6-9.
Swaminathan, K., Saroja, R. and Raju, N. 1985. Influence of source and level of nitrogen application on pest incidence. International rice research newsletter 10(1): 24.
Tan, Y. C. 1986. Preliminary study on relationship of nitrogen fertilizer with population of stripped stem borer. Entomological knowledge 23(3): 101-102.
Tiwari, K. N. 2002. Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms in Rice. Rice Production (Special Supplement Publication, D. L. (Eds.) Armstrong, International Program Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Better Crops International 16: 23-25.
Trolldenier, G. 1984. Effect of potassium fertilizers on take-all of wheat. Proceeding of 18th the rice-wheat workshop. 15-16 October, India pp. 359.
Yarasi, B., Sadumpati, V., Immanni, C. P., Vudem, D. R. and Khareedu, V. R. 2008. Transgenic rice expressing Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL) exhibits high-level resistance against major sap-sucking pests. Plant Biology 8: 102-115.
Yein, B. R. and Das, G. R. 1988. Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on the incidence of insect pests of rice. Pesticide 22: 37-40.
تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 12، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 65-76

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 بهمن 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار