مقایسه کارایی تله‌های تجاری و خانگی در جلب لیسک‌ Deroceras agreste در مزرعه کاهوی استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

 لیسک­ها از آفات مهم مزارع کاهو در شمال کشور بوده که با تغذیه از قسمت­های مختلف بوته­های کاهو شامل برگ، ساقه، ریشه و بذور گیاه باعث از بین رفتن آن­ها می­شوند. در حال حاضر، برای کنترل این آفت از سموم متداول شیمیایی استفاده می­شود. امروزه در راستای کاهش مصرف سموم به­کارگیری روش­های غیرشیمیایی­، از جمله جلب و به دام انداختن لیسک­ها با تله‌گذاری امری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بنابراین، در این تحقیق کارایی یک نوع تله تجاری و دو نوع تله خانگی با طعمه و بدون طعمه علیه لیسک Deroceras agreste Linnaeus مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و چهار تکرار در سال‌های 1398 و 1399 در شرایط صحرایی اجرا شد. طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس در هر سال و تجزیه واریانس مرکب، در بین تیمارها، تله تجاری سبز رنگ همراه با طعمه و تله جعبه سبز رنگ خانگی با طعمه (در کل به طور میانگین به­ترتیب با جلب 5/76 و 6/75 تعداد لیسک در دو سال) دارای بیشترین جلب‌کنندگی و تله بطری پلاستیکی بی‌رنگ (با جلب 8/29 عدد لیسک در دو سال) کمترین جلب‌کنندگی را داشته‌اند. همچنین، دو تله تجاری سبز رنگ همراه با طعمه و جعبه‌ای سبز رنگ خانگی با طعمه با جلب‌ و به دام انداختن لیسک‌های بیشتر، مقدار خسارت کمتر به برگ (به­ترتیب با میانگین 6/7 و 8/6 درصد در دو سال) و عملکرد بیشتری (به­ترتیب با میانگین 1/13 و 5/11 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع در دو سال) داشتند. تله‌های حاوی طعمه نسبت به تله‌های بدون طعمه و تله جعبه خانگی سبز رنگ همراه با طعمه نسبت به تله کرم ‌رنگ همراه با طعمه در جلب تعداد لیسک‌های بیشتر، به طور معنی‌داری مؤثرتر عمل کردند. بنابراین، می‌توان از تله جعبه­ای خانگی سبز رنگ همراه با طعمه که ارزان قیمت بوده و دارای کارایی مشابه تله­های تجاری است، در کنار پایش لیسک، برای کاهش جمعیت و کنترل آن­ها در مزارع کاهو نیز استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the effectiveness of commercial and homemade traps in attracting Deroceras agreste in the lettuce field of Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Ahmadi 1
  • Moloud Gholamzadeh Chitgar 2
1 Agricultural Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Slugs are the most important pest of lettuce fields in the north of the country, and feed on different parts of lettuce plants, including leaves, stems, roots, and seeds, and destroy them. Currently, common chemical pesticides are used to control them. Nowadays, the use of non-chemical methods, such as attracting and catching slugs by trapping, in order to reduce the consumption of pesticides is necessary. In this regard, the efficiency of one type of commercial trap and two types of homemade traps with and without bait was compared against Deroceras agreste Linnaeus. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications in 2019 and 2020 in field conditions. According to the results of simple and combined analysis of variance, among the treatments, green commercial trap with bait and green homemade box trap with bait (with total mean number of slugs captured, 76.5 and 75.6 in two years, respectively), had the highest attraction without significant difference from each other and the colorless plastic bottle trap (with total mean number of slugs captured, 29.8 in two years) had the least attraction. Also, green commercial with non-alcoholic beer bait and homemade green box trap with non-alcoholic beer with attracting and trapping the more slugs caused less damage to leaves (7.6 and 6.8 % in two years, respectively) and more yield (with means 13.1 and 11.5 kg/m2 in two years, respectively). The traps with bait compared the traps without bait and the green homemade box traps with bait compared with the cream box traps with bait were significantly more effective in attracting of slugs. Therefore, it is possible to use an inexpensive homemade green box trap with non-alcoholic beer, which has the same efficiency as commercial trap, to reduce the population and control slugs in lettuce fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attraction
  • bait
  • damage
  • non-chemical
  • yield
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