اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی اسانس آزاد و نانوکپسوله پونه Mentha longifolia روی شب‌پره مدیترانه‌ای آرد Anagasta kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

در بررسی قبلی، نانو­سیلیکای حاوی اسانس پونهMentha longifolia L. (Lamiaceae)  به روش سل- ژل با هدف امکان‌سنجی کاربرد علیه جمعیت­های آفت ساخته شد. موفقیت روش بر اساس شاخص پراکندگی، راندمان ریزپوشانی، پتانسیل زتا و متوسط اندازه ذرات تایید شد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی سمیت فرمولاسیون آزاد و نانوکپسول اسانس پونه به دو روش تنفسی روی مراحل تخم، لارو­های سن پنجم و حشرات بالغ در بازه­های زمانی 24، 48 و 72 ساعته و موضعی روی لاروهای سن پنجم شب­پره مدیترانه­ای آرد  Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)صورت گرفت. ارزیابی اثرات زیرکشندگی در غلظت زیرکشنده (LC25) به روش تدخینی و از طریق برآورد درصد بازدارندگی از تخم­گذاری، درصد بارآوری، درصد خروج حشرات بالغ و نرخ جفت­گیری هدف دیگر این مطالعه بود. نتایج زیست­سنجی­ها به روش تنفسی، همسویی سمیت تنفسی و تلفات جمعیت­ها با غلظت اسانس مصرفی و زمان در معرض قرارگیری را تایید نمود. ساخت نانو سیلیکای اسانس پونه،  افزایش 62/1 برابری سمیت موضعی و کشندگی نانوذرات اسانس در مقایسه با شکل آزاد اسانس علیه مرحله پنجم لاروی شب­پره مدیترانه­ای آرد را به دنبال داشت. یافته­ها به­ وضوح اثرات منفی زیرکشندگی اسانس آزاد پونه و نانوذرات آن در مقایسه با شاهد را بر تعداد تخم­های گذاشته شده به ازای هر حشره ماده (به­ترتیب 63 و 42 تخم به ازای هر حشره ماده)، درصد تفریخ تخم­های گذاشته شده (به­ترتیب 1/19% و 6/17%)، درصد خروج حشرات بالغ (به­ترتیب 4/16 و 3/11%) و نرخ جفت­گیری (به­ترتیب 48/6 و 6/3%) در پایان 72 ساعت تایید نمود. یافته­های حاصل از زیست­سنجی­، ضمن تایید سمیت تنفسی و موضعی اسانس آزاد و نانوکپسوله پونه، اثرات اختلالی اسانس بر پراسنجه­های بیولوژیکی شب­پره مدیترانه­ای آرد را نیز گزارش نمود. اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی قوی­تر نانوذرات اسانس پونه در مقایسه با اسانس آزاد، استفاده از فرمولاسیون نانوی اسانس­های گیاهی به عنوان گزینه جایگزین­ یا مکمل حشره­کش­های مرسوم در مبارزه با آفات انباری را پیشنهاد می­نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Lethal and sublethal effects of Mentha longifolia free and nanoencapsulated essential oils on Anagasta kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae)

نویسنده [English]

  • M. Malekmohammadi
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In previous study, nano hollow silica spheres have been synthesized by sol-gel method as a Mentha longifolia essential oil carrier and the success of essential oil encapsulation has been characterized based on particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The present research has been carried out on the findings of the previous study with the aim of evaluating 1) fumigant toxicity of Mentha longifolia free (M. EO) and nanoencapsulated (M. NP) essential oil against eggs, fifth instar larvae and adults of Anagasta kuehniella after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure 2) topical toxicity of M. EO and M. NP against fifth instar larvae (mortality data obtained after 72 h exposure) 3) lifetime fecundity, %fertility, %adult emergence and copulation rate of A. kuehniella exposed to LC25 of M. EO and M. NP for 72 h. Fumigant toxicity was positively affected by the essential oil concentration and exposure time. Findings indicated that nanoencapsulation was associated with a 1.62-fold increase in the topical toxicity of M. longifolia essential oil to fifth instar larvae. Moreover, exposure to LC25 of M. EO and M. NP significantly decreased biological parameters (lifetime fecundity: 63 and 42 egg/female, percentage of fertility: 19.1 and 17.6%, percentage of adult emergence: 16.4 and 11.3%, copulation rate: 6.18 and 3.6% respectively). It is clear from the toxicological tests that nanoencapsulated essential oil produced stronger lethal and sublethal effects on A. kuehniella than free essential oil, thus can be regarded as potentially complementary or alternative to conventional insecticides in stored commodities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anagasta kuehniella
  • Encapsulation
  • Essential oil
  • Lethal and Sublethal effects
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