کارایی چند حشره‌کش در کنترل لارو و حشره کامل سرخرطومی برگ یونجه، Hypera postica در شرایط مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

سرخرطومی برگ یونجه، Hypera postica Gyllenhal مهم­ترین آفت مزارع یونجه در ایران است. خسارت عمده آن مربوط به مرحله لاروی با تغذیه از برگ­های گیاه به ویژه در چین اول است. در این تحقیق، میزان تلفات لاروها و حشرات کامل سرخرطومی برگ یونجه و کاهش خسارت روی برگ­های گیاه با استفاده از چند حشره­کش ترکیبی و گیاهی شامل لوفنورون+امامکتین بنزوات (پروکلیم­فیت®)، لوفنورون+فنوکسی­کارب (لوفوکس®)، تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین (پروتئوس®) و آزادیراختین (نیم­آزال®) با غلظت­های توصیه شده ارزیابی شد. تعداد لاروها و حشرات کامل و تعداد برگ­های خورده شده یک روز قبل از سمپاشی (شاهد) و روزهای 1، 3، 7 و 15 روز پس از سمپاشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این آزمون­ها به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در بهار سال ۱۳۹۶ در نزدیکی شهرستان نقده انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی حشره­کش­های مورد استفاده با شاهد اختلاف معنی­داری داشت. پانزده روز پس از سمپاشی حشره­کش­های لوفنورون + امامکتین بنزوات و فنوکسی­کارب+لوفنورون با بیش از 95 درصد تلفات نسبت به حشره­کش­های دیگر، کشندگی بیشتری روی لاروها داشتند. فنوکسی­کارب+لوفنورون همراه با لوفنورون+امامکتین بنزوات و آزادیراختین موجب مرگ و میر بیشتری در حشرات کامل سرخرطومی یونجه شدند. درصد خسارت لاروها و حشرات کامل سرخرطومی 15 روز پس از سمپاشی، در تیمارهای آزادیراختین، لوفنورون+امامکتین بنزوات و فنوکسی­کارب + لوفنورون اختلاف آماری معنی­داری نداشت. با در نظر گرفتن اهمیت اقتصادی لاروها به ویژه در چین اول یونجه و نتایج درصد تلفات و درصد خسارت در تیمارهای مختلف، می­توان آزادیراختین را گزینه مناسب­تری برای کنترل خسارت سرخرطومی برگ یونجه پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficacy of some insecticides on larvae and adults of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica in field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • V. Rahimi-Arnaei
  • S. A. Safavi
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyllenhal is the most important pest of alfalfa fields in Iran. Main damage is related to larvae by feeding on plant leaves especially on first cutting. In this study, mortality of alfalfa weevil larvae and adults and damage reduction on plant leaves were assessed by using the recommended concentrations of some combinatory and botanical insecticides including lufenuron+ emamectin benzoate (Proclaim fit®), lufenuron+fenoxycarb (Lufox®), thiacloprid+deltamethrin (Proteus®), and azadirachtin (Neem-Azal®). Numerous observations were made on the mortality of insect larvae and adults and also the number of damaged (eaten) leaves of plants on one day before spraying (control) and 1, 3, 7, and 15 days after spraying. A factorial experiment with RCB design was adopted with three replications in Nagadeh suburbs in the spring 2018. Results showed that there was a significant difference in efficacy of used insecticides with control. lufenuron+emamectin benzoate and lufenuron+fenoxycarb had higher lethality on larvae with more than 95% after 15 days of treatment. Lufenuron+fenoxycarb along with lufenuron+emamectin benzoate and azadirachtin imposed more mortality adult alfalfa weevils. There were no statistically significant differences on the percent damages of larvae and adults among azadirachtin, lufenuron+emamectin benzoate and lufenuron+fenoxycarb treatments after 15 days. Considering the economic importance of weevil larvae especially in the first cut and the results of mortality and damage percent in different treatments, azadirachtin can be recommended as the most appropriate option in damage control of alfalfa weevil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Proclaim fit®
  • Lufox®
  • Proteus®
  • Neem-Azal®
  • Hypera postica
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