پراکنش زمانی و مکانی سوسک‌های کرگدنی جنس Oryctes Hellwig (Col.: Scarabaeidae) در نخلستان‌های استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

2 سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

فعالیت سوسک‌های جنس Oryctes Hellwig (Col.: Scarabaeidae)باعث خسارت شدید به نخل­های خرما می‌شوند. برای بررسی پراکنش مکانی از 23 نخلستان در استان خوزستان نمونه‌برداری شد. روش‌های زمین آماری برای شبیه‌سازی مدل‌های پراکنش مکانی استفاده شد. شاخص‌های همبستگی و همپوشانی آشیان بوم‌شناختی محاسبه شدند. برای بررسی پراکنش زمانی، یک نخلستان در مناطق آبادان، شادگان و بهبهان به طور تصادفی انتخاب و نمونه برداری­ها در فواصل دو هفته یک­بار انجام شد. از مدل­های سری زمانی برای مطالعه تغییرات فصلی جمعیت استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که پراکنش جمعیت‌های سوسک‌های کرگدنی O. elegans و O. agamemnon به ترتیب با مدل کروی و خطی سازگاری دارند. میزان اثر قطعه‌ای تقریباً یکسان و حدود 9/9-7/9 بود. واریوگرام‌ها دارای دامنه بین 8/3 -2/3 بودند. بر اساس نتایج، احتمال وقوع نسبی (Oij) سوسک O. elegansدر 5/87 درصد از نخلستان‌های نمونه‌برداری شده بیشتر ازO. agamemnon بود. میزان همپوشانی آشیان‌های بوم شناختی دو گونه (D) بین 1-94/0 متغیر بود. جمعیت دو گونه فعالیت خود را از اواخر بهمن تا اوایل اسفند منطقه آغاز کردند. روند افزایش جمعیت برای هر دو گونه در ماه‌های بهار و اوایل تابستان ادامه داشت. شیب افزایش جمعیت برای گونه O. elegans بیشتر از گونهO. agamemnonبود. اوج تراکم جمعیت گونه O. elegans و O. agamemnon به ترتیب در دهه سوم خرداد و دهه سوم تیر با اختلاف زمانی حدود یک ماهه در آبادان و شادگان بود. در بهبهان، اوج تراکم هر دو گونه تقریباً منطبق برهم و در دهه دوم خرداد ماه بود. نتایج این پژوهش می تواند برای نظارت بر کنترل، طراحی برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی و ارزیابی ریسک مخاطرات سوسک­های کرگدنی خرما قابل استفاده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial and temporal distribution of rhinoceros beetles Oryctes Hellwig (Col.: Scarabaeidae) in date palm plantations of Khuzestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Ghaedi 1
  • F. Kocheili 1
  • M. Latifian 2
  • R. Farrokhi Nejad 1
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
2 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The activity of Oryctes Hellwig(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)causes severe damage to date palm. In order to study spatial distribution, 23 date palm plantations as sampling areas were selected. Geostatistical methods were used to simulate spatial distribution models. Correlation and overlap indices of ecological niches were calculated. To investigate the temporal distribution, a plantation was randomly selected in Abadan, Shadegan and Behbahan areas and sampling was performed biweekly intervals. Time series models were used to study seasonal population fluctuations. The results showed that spatial distribution of the rhinoceros beetles, O. elegans and O. agamemnon were compatible with spherical and linear models, respectively. The effect of the fragment was approximately the same, at about 9.7-9.9 and variograms ranged from 3.8 to 3.2. According to the results, the relative probability (Oij) of O. elegans in 87.5% of sampling points was higher than O. agamemnon. The overlap of ecological niches of the two species (D) ranged from 0.94 to 1. Populations of the two species started their activity from late February to early March. Population growth for both species continued in spring and early summer. Population growth rate for O. elegans was more than O. agamemnon. The maximum population densities of O. elegans and O. agamemnon were calculated in June and July with a time difference of about one month in the two regions of Abadan and Shadegan, respectively. In Behbehan area, the peak population density for O. elegans and O. agamemnon was almost identical, in the second week of June. The results of this study could be used for control monitoring, designing an integrated management program and assessment on the risk of rhinoceros beetles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date palm
  • Rhinoceros beetle
  • Temporal and Spatial distribution
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