تاثیر فرمولاسیون‌های خالص و نانوکپسول اسانس Thymus daenensis Celak. روی فراسنجه‌های جدول زندگی شته مومی کلم (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) (Hem.: Aphididae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات آفت‌کش‌ها، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اسانس­های گیاهی متابولیت­های ثانویه هستند که از گیاهان در برابر طیف وسیعی از بندپایان و عوامل بیماری­زای گیاهی محافظت می­کنند. کپسوله­کردن اسانس­های گیاهی می­تواند باعث افزایش پایداری و اثربخشی این ترکیبات برای مقابله با آفات شود. در مطالعه حاضر، اسانس آویشن­دنایی، Thymus daenensis Celak. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)، از طریق روش تقطیر با آب جداسازی شده و سپس، نانوکپسول اوره-فرمالدئید اسانس آن با استفاده از روش پلیمریزاسیون درجا تهیه شد. به­علاوه، تاثیر غلظت زیرکشنده 25 درصد (LC25) فرمولاسیون­های خالص و نانوکپسول اسانس آویشن دنایی به روش غوطه­ور کردن برگ روی فراسنجه­های جدول زندگی شته مومی کلم، Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem.: Aphididae)، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج به­دست آمده، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r) در تیمارهای فرمولاسیون نانوکپسول، فرمولاسیون خالص، شاهد 1 (آب مقطر به همراه Tween 80 (5/0 درصد)) و شاهد 2 (آب مقطر) به­ترتیب برابر با 16/0، 21/0، 29/0 و 29/0 بر روز بود. مقدار نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ) نیز در شته­های تیمار­شده با فرمولاسیون نانوکپسول (17/1 بر روز) به­طور معنی­داری کمتر از شته­های تیمار­شده با فرمولاسیون خالص (24/1) و گروه­های شاهد 1 (34/1) و شاهد 2 (33/1) بود. هم­چنین، نرخ خالص تولید مثل(R0) به­ترتیب در شته­های تیمار­شده با فرمولاسیون­های نانوکپسول و خالص برابر 24/5 و 84/9 پوره به ازای هر ماده بود که به­طور معنی­داری کمتر از تیمارهای شاهد بود. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار زمان یک نسل (T) به­ترتیب در تیمارهای شاهد 2 (25/11 روز) و فرمولاسیون نانوکپسول (32/10 روز) مشاهده شد. بر اساس یافته­های مطالعه حاضر، فرمولاسیون نانوکپسول اسانس آویشن دنایی برای استفاده در مدیریت تلفیقی شته مومی کلم پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of pure and nanocapsulated formulations of Thymus daenensis Celak. (Lamiaceae) essential oil on life-table parameters of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) (Hem.: Aphididae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Heidary 1
  • Sh. Jafari 1
  • J. Karimzadeh 2
  • M. Negahban 3
  • J. Shakarami 1
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Isfahan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Pesticide Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Plant essential oils are secoundary metabolites that protect the plants against wide range of arthropods and plant pathogens. Encapsulation of essential oils can improve their stability and efficacy for pest control. In this study, the essential oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) was extracted using hydro-distillation, and urea-formaldehyde nanocapsule of the essential oil was then prepared using in situ polymerization technique. In addition, the effects of sublethal concentrations (LC25) of pure and nanocapsulated formulations of T. daenensis essential oil on the life-table parameters of Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem.: Aphididae) were examined using leaf-dipping method under laboratory conditions. According to the obtained results, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.16, 0.21, 0.29 and 0.29 day-1 for nanocapsulated formulation, pure formulation, 1st control (distilled water + Tween 80 (0.5%)) and 2nd control (distilled water), respectively. The finite rate of increase (λ) was also significantly lower for aphids treated by nanocapsulated formulation (1.17 day-1) than aphids in pure formulation treatment (1.24 day-1), and 1st (1.34 day-1) and 2nd (1.33 day-1) control groups. Furthermore, the net reproductive rate (R0) was 5.24 and 9.84 nymphs for nanocapsulated and pure formulations, respectively, which were significantly lower than that for controls. The greatest and lowest mean generation time (T) were observed for the 2nd control (11.25 days) and nanocapsulated formulation (10.32 days), respectively. According to findings of this study, the nanocapsulated formulation of T. daenensis essential oil is recommended for use in the integrated pest management of B. brassicae.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nanoparticle
  • polymerization
  • sublethal effects
  • botanical insecticide
  • intrinsic rate of increase
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