نقش گیاه کرچک، Ricinus communis Willd. در حفظ کفشدوزک کنه‌خوار، Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant (Col.: Coccinellidae) در کنترل بیولوژیکی کنه نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

2 بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی خوزستان، اهواز

چکیده

کفشدوزک کنه ­خوار (Col.: Coccinellidae) Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant از مراحل مختلف رشدی کنه ­های تارتن تغذیه می­ کند. با توجه به اینکه کنه شرقی، Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) در فصل­ های پاییز، زمستان و بهار روی کرچک فعالیت می­ کند، بنابراین امکان استفاده از آن کنار مزارع نیشکر به منظور جلوگیری از مهاجرت کفشدوزک کنه ­­خوار در این فصل­ ها و حفظ آن تا زمان حمله کنه به مزارع نیشکر وجود دارد. در این بررسی، نقش گیاه کرچک به عنوان گیاه حامل کفشدوزک کنه­ خوار در کنار مزارع نیشکرمورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ابتدا، 30 بوته کرچک در مرداد ماه 1395 کنار مزارع نیشکر در خوزستان کشت شد و جمعیت کنه و کفشدوزک با نمونه ­برداری ماهانه به مدت یک­سال (1395-1396) روی کرچک تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که کفشدوزک در تمام سال روی گیاه کرچک فعال است، البته در ماه ­های آبان تا اسفندماه فقط به صورت حشره بالغ دیده می­ شود، اما در ما ه­های فروردین تا مهر تولیدمثل دارد و به صورت لارو و حشره بالغ مشاهده می ­شود. همچنین بررسی داده­های دستگاه بویایی­ سنج نشان داد که کفشدوزک بالغ به بوی اسانس گیاه کرچک پاسخ مثبت می­ دهد، بنابراین به نظر می­ رسد که گیاه کرچک توانایی جلب کفشدوزک کنه­ خوار را دارد و می­تواند به عنوان یک پناهگاه مناسب برای استقرار و جلوگیری از مهاجرت این کفشدوزک در کل ماه­ های سال در کنار مزارع نیشکر عمل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of castor bean, Ricinus communis Willd. as a banker plant of acaraphagous ladybird beetle, Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant (Col.: Coccinellidae) in biological control of sugarcane mite

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Askarianzadeh 1
  • A. Cheraghi 2
1 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran
2 Plant Protection Department, Khouzestan Sugarcane & by Product Research & Training Ins. Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Acariphagous ladybird beetle, Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant (Col., Coccinellidae) feeds on various growth stages of the tetranychus mites. Since Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) mite is actively seen on castor bean crops during the months of autumn, winter and spring seasons, so it can be considered as a suitable host for maintaining ladybird beetles. Hence, the ladybird beetle population can be prevented from migration and maintained until the outbreak of sugarcane mite. In this study, possible use of castor bean, Ricinus communis Wild. (Euphorbiaceae) has been considered as a banker plant of acaraphagous ladybird beetle, S. gilvifrons. Initially, 30 castor bean plants were cultivated in the month of August 2016 around sugarcane fields in Khuzestan province and the population of mites and ladybird beetles were monthly sampled during one year (2016-2017) starting from August. The results showed ladybird beetles activity on castor bean plant throughout the year, however, during November till March only adults were observed that could start reproduction only from April to September. Also, the data analysis of the olfactometry system showed that the reaction of the ladybird beetle to volatile compounds of castor bean is significant. Therefore, the castor bean has the potential to form a niche for the acaraphagous ladybird beetle in maintaining its population throughout the year in order to control sugarcane mite population more efficiently and timely.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eutetranychus orientalis
  • olfactometer
  • conservation
  • population fluctuation
Afshari, A. Gh. 2009. A. study of Stethorus spp. with particular reference on the biology, feeding capacity and population dynamic of S. gilvifrons (Mulsant) in the sugarcane fields of Khuzestan province. M.Sc. thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, 158 p. (in Farsi)
Askarianzadeh, A., Fathipour, Y., Nareii. A. and Hashemi, S.J. 2002. Seasonal population fluctuation of Oligonychus sacchari and relationship with temperature and humidity in Amir-Kabir agro-industry company. 15th Iranian congress of plant protection, Razi University of Kermanshah, 7-11 Sept. P. 239. (in Farsi)
Askarianzadeh, A., Karimi, J., Parian, H. and Hasanshahi, Gh. H. 2013. The effect of spraying field's margin of sugarcane on population and damage of sugarcane mite, Oligonychus sacchari (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Khuzestan/Iran. Final research report, Faculty of Agricultur, Shahed University, 60 p. (in Farsi)
Astaraki, M., Rasekh, A., Shishehbor, P. and Mahi, H. 2018. Evaluation of the possibility of using banker plant (Vicia faba-Aphis fabae) to increase parasitism of Aphis gossypii by a parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum. Biocontrol in Plant Protection 6(1): 89-99. (in Farsi)
Bayoumy, M. H., Osman, M. A. and Michaud, J. P. 2014. Host plant Mediates foraging behavior and mutual interference among adult Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) preying on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Environmental Entomology 43(5): 1309-1318.
Chazeau, J. 1983. Deux predateurs de Tetranychidae en nouvelles Guinee: Stethorus exspectatus n. sp. Et Stethorus exsultabillis n. sp. (Col., Coccinellidae). Entomophaga, 28: 373-378.
Chazeau, J. 1985. Predaceous insects. In Helle, W. and Sabelis, M. W. (eds.). World crop pests, spider mites: Their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier Pub. Amsterdam, IB: 211-246.
Delisle, J. F., Brodeur, J. and Shipp, L. 2015. Evaluation of various types of supplemental food for two species of predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Experimental Applied Acarology 65(4):483-94.
Esmaeili, M. 2001. Important Pest of Fruit Trees, Sepehr Press. Tehran, 578 p. (in Farsi)
Felland, C. M. and Hull, L. A. 1996. Overwintering of Stethorus punctum (Col.: Coccinellidae) in apple orchards ground cover. Environmental Entomology 25(5): 972-976.
Gill, S. 2009. Going Greener in the greenhouse- Is organic a New option? [on-line], Available on the www.iaa.umd.edu/MATA/GreenhousesGill.pdf.
Goolsby, J. A. and Ciomperlik, M. A. 1999. Development of parasitoid inoculated seedling transplants for augmentative biological control of silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Florida Entomologist 82: 532-545.
Hung, N., Enkegaard, A., Osborne, L. S., Ramakers, P. M. J., Messelink, G. J., Pijnakker, J. and Murphy, G. 2011. The banker plant method in biological control. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 30: 259-278.
IBM Corp. Released, 2013. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Linden, A. and Van Staaji, M. 2001. Banker plants facilitate biological control of whitefly in cucumber. Biological Control 12: 75-79.
Mitchell, F. 2003. Utilization of trap crops for control of cucurbit pests. Proceedings of ESA annual meeting and Exhibition, NY.
Negahban, M., Moharramipour, S. and Sefidkon, F. 2007. Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Artemisia sieberi Besser against three stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research 43(2): 123-128.
Pickett, C. H. Simmons, G. S., Lozano, E. and Goolsby, J. A. 2004. Augmentative biological control of whiteflies using transplants. BioControl 49: 665-688.
Stacey, D. L. 1977. Banker plant production of Encarsia formosa Gahan and its use in the control of glasshouse whitefly on tomatoes. Plant Pathology 26: 63-66.
van Driesche, R., Lyon, S., Sanderson, J. P., Bennett, K. C., Stanek, E. J. and Zhang, R. 2008. Greenhouse trials Aphidus colemani banker plants for control of aphids in greenhouse spring floral crop. Flirida Entomologist 91(4): 583-591.
van Rijn, P. C. J. and Tanigoshi, L. K. 1999. The contribution of extrafloral nectar to survival and reproduction of the predatory mite Iphiseius degenerans on Ricinus communis Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 281-296.