تاثیر کود فسفره در میزان آلودگی به ساقه‌خوار ذرت . Sesamia cretica Led

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه حشره شناسی و بیماری‌های گیاهی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ساقه خوار ذرت، Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)، یکی از آفات مهم گیاه ذرت در ایران محسوب می­ شود. به دلیل فعالیت لاروهای آفت داخل ساقه، کنترل آن با روش­های شیمیایی مشکل است. با توجه به نقش مواد غذایی در مقاومت گیاه به آفت، کود دهی مناسب محصول می­ تواند یک روش پیشگیرانه­ در کنترل این آفت باشد. فسفر، یکی از عناصر ضروری مورد نیاز گیاه می­ باشد که محدود کردن آن می‌تواند عواقب شدیدی بر عملکرد سلول‌ها و در نهایت، نرخ رشد  داشته باشد. در این پژوهش، تاثیر فرمولاسیون­ های مختلف فسفر بر میزان آلودگی به ساقه­ خوار ذرت در شرایط مزرعه در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. آلودگی به ساقه ­خوار ذرت از طریق مرگ جوانه مرکزی و درصد ساقه آلوده بررسی شد. میزان استقرار لارو در تیمارهای مختلف در شرایط گلخانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین و بیشترین میزان آلودگی جوانه مرکزی به آفت به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار فسفر آهسته‌رهش‌ با 15/1 درصد بوته آلوده و تیمار شاهد با 53/4 درصد بوته آلوده بود. در بررسی ساقه‌ها قبل از برداشت، تیمار فسفر آهسته‌رهش  با 10 درصد آلودگی در مقایسه با شاهد و سایر تیمارها کاهش معنی­ داری را نشان داد. کمترین و بیشترین درصد استقرار لارو به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار فسفر آهسته‌رهش با 10 درصد و تیمار شاهد با 5/57 درصد در هر بوته بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، کاربرد فرمولاسیون آهسته‌رهش کود فسفر در برنامه مدیریت ساقه­ خوار ذرت قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Led. infestation

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Jamshidnia
  • P. Feyzi Sartakalto
  • R. Sadeghi
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The corn stem borer Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera. Noctuidae) is one of the most important corn pests in Iran. Chemical control of this pest is rather difficult due to larval living inside the corn stem. As the role of nutrients is critical in plant resistance to pests, adequate crop fertilization can be a good preventive measure to control this pest. Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential elements required for plant’s performance, otherwise its limitation can impose severe consequences on cellular function and the growth rate. In the current study, the effect of different phosphorus fertilizer formulations was conducted on the corn stem borer infestation in a randomized block design of field conditions. Stem borer infestations were evaluated by the number of dead hearts and the percentage of infested stalks. The establishment of larvae under the greenhouse conditions were investigated. Results showed that the lowest and highest dead hearts were related to the application of P slow release fertilizer treatment with 1.15 % and the control treatment with 4.53 %. A significant decrease in infestation was observed when the slow-release phosphorus treatment by 10% stem compared to control and other treatments. Minimal and maximal percentages of larval establishment were observed in slow-release phosphorus treatment with 10% larvae and control with 57.5% larvae per plant respectively. Based on the results of this research, application of slow-release phosphorus fertilizer in corn stem borer management is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn stem borer
  • Maize
  • Slow-release phosphorus fertilizer
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