تأثیر تراکم کاشت و رقم های مختلف لوبیا بر جمعیت کنه تارتن دولکه ای Tetranychus urticae و تریپس پیاز Thrips tabaci در شرایط مزرعه ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، اهواز، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بروجرد، ایران

چکیده

لوبیا معمولی گیاهی است که در سراسر جهان برای تغذیه کشت می ­شود. کنه تارتن دولکه­ ای، Tetranychus urticae Koch و تریپس پیاز، Thripstabaci Lindeman از آفات مهم‌ لوبیا هستند که همه ساله مقدار زیادی حشره­ کش برای کنترل آن­ها به کار می ­رود. یکی از راهکارهای مهم در برنامه های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، روش­ کنترل زراعی است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تاثیر رقم و تراکم کاشت لوبیا روی تراکم این آفات در مزرعه ی لوبیا در شهرستان بروجرد (استان لرستان) ایران انجام شد. این تحقیق به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ های تصادفی کامل (سه رقم اختر، درخشان و ۲۸۵ در پنج تراکم کشت 20، 30، 40، 50 و 60 بوته در متر مربع) انجام شد. روش نمونه برداری ­ها به صورت هفتگی بود و در هر تاریخ نمونه­ برداری، تعداد هر آفت به ثبت رسید. نتایج حاضر نشان داد که رقم لوبیا روی میزان تخم کنه تارتن و همچنین میزان جمعیت کل و لارو سن یک تریپس تاثیر معنی‌داری دارد. تراکم بوته نیز به صورت معنی‌داری روی جمعیت هر دو آفت تاثیر گذاشت. تاثیر متقابل رقم و تراکم روی جمعیت‌ هر دو آفت غیر معنی ­دار بود. به طور کلی، بیشترین و کم­ترین تراکم کل کنه تارتن به­ ترتیب در رقم درخشان و تراکم کشت 60 بوته در متر مربع و رقم 258 و تراکم کشت 20 بوته در متر مربع مشاهده شد. کمترین و بیشترین تراکم کل تریپس پیاز به ­ترتیب در رقم اختر و تراکم کشت 60 بوته در متر مربع و رقم اختر و تراکم کشت 20 بوته در متر مربع دیده شد. نتایج مطالعه حاضر به منظور توسعه برنامه IPM در مزارع لوبیا قابل توصیه می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of bean plant density and its different cultivars on population of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci in field condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Karimi 1
  • F. Yarahmadi 1
  • A. Mohseni Amin 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Boroujerd Agricultural Research and Education campus, Boroujerd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Common bean is cultivated for feeding in the whole world. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindemann, are considered as the two important pests of bean and lots of pesticides are being used for their control. One of the most important strategies in integrated pest management programs is the cultural practice. In the present study the effects of cultivars and bean plant density has been taken into consideration to control these pests in a bean field in Boroujerd district, Lorestan province of Iran. This research was performed as per factorial in a completely randomized block design, with three cultivars (Akhtar, Derakhshan and 285) in five plant densities of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 plants per m2. Samplings were carried out weekly and in every sampling date, the number of each pest was recorded. Results showed that bean cultivars had significant impact on the number of eggs in spider mite and in total and 1st instar larval populations of onion thrips. The plant density also significantly affected populations of both the pests. Interactions between cultivar and plant density was not significant for both pests. Overall the highest and lowest population densities of the spider mite observed in the cultivar of Derakhshan with 60 plants density in every m2 and then cultivar of 258 with a density of 20 plants per m2 respectively. The lowest and highest total number of thrips was observed in Akhtar cultivar with 60 plants per m2 and then Akhtar cultivar with a density of 20 per m2, respectively. The results of the present study could be recommended in IPM program for bean fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultural control
  • IPM
  • cultivars
  • thrips

مراجع

Abolfathi, N., Kocheili. F. and Mohiseni, A.2012. An investigation on appropriate sample unit and sample universe to estimate Terranychus urticae Koch population in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fields in north of Lorestan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection34(2): 33-45. (In Farsi)
Adams, M. W. 1982. Plant architecture and yield breeding. Iowa State Journal of Research 56 (3): 225-254.
Alabi, O. Y., Odebiyi, J. A. and Tamo, M. 2004. Effect of host plant resistance in some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata {L.} Walp.) cultivars on growth and developmental parameters of the flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom). Crop Protection 23(2): 83-88.
Asiwe, J. A. N., Nokoe, S., Jackai, L. E. N. and Ewete F. K. 2005. Does varying cowpea spacing provide better protection against cowpea pests? Crop Protection 24(5): 465-471.
Azadi, F., Rajabpour, A., Lotfi-Jalal Abadi, A. and Mahjob, M. 2018. Resistance of tomato cultivars to Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under field condition. Journal of Crop Protection 7(1): 87-92.
Boiteau, G. 1984. Effect of planting date, plant spacing, and weed cover on populations of insects, arachnids, and entomophthoran fungi in potato fields. Environmental Entomology 13: 751–756.
Capinera, J. 2001. Handbook of vegetable pests. Elsevier. pp 761.
Cherry, R., Wang, Y., Nuessly, G. and Raid, R. 2013. Effect of Planting Date and Density on Insect Pests of Sweet Sorghum Grown for Biofuel in Southern Florida. Journal of Entomological Science 48(1): 52-60.
Coll, M., and Bottrell, D. G. 1994. Effects of nonhost plants on an insect herbivore in diverse habitats. Ecology, 75: 723–731.
Coudriet, D. L., Kishaba, A. N., McCreight, J. D. and Bohn, G. W. 1979. Varietal resistance in onions to thrips. Journal of Economic Entomology 72(4): 614-615.‏
Diaz-Montano, J., Fuchs, M., Nault, B. A. and Shelton, A. M. 2010. Evaluation of onion cultivars for resistance to onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris yellow spot virus. Journal of Economic Entomology 103(3): 925-937.‏
Fathi, S. A. A., Gholami, F., Nouri-Ganbalani, G. and Mohiseni, A. 2011. Life history parameters of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on six commercial cultivars of canola. Applied Entomology and Zoology 46(4): 505.‏
Flores, J. L., Chávez, E. C., Uribe, L. A. A., Canales, R. F. and Fuentes, Y. M. O. 2013. Demographic parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on four Rosa sp. cultivars. Florida Entomologist 96(4): 1508-1513.‏
Gill, H. K., Garg, H., Gill, A. K., Gillett-Kaufman, J. L. and Nault, B. A. 2015. Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology, ecology, and management in onion production systems. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 6(1). 6. DOI: 10.1093/jipm/pmv006.
Hare, J. D. 2002. Plant genetic variation in tritrophic interactions. In: Tscamtke, T. and Hawkins, B.A (Eds.). Multitrophic level interactions, Cambridge University press, UK. pp 8-43.
Hildebrand, D. F., Rodriguez, J. G., Brown, G. C. and Volden, C. S. 1986. Two spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) infestations on soybeans: effect on composition and growth of susceptible and resistant cultivars. Journal of Economic Entomology 79(4): 915-921.
Jan de Kogel, W., van der Hoek, M. and Mollema, C. 1997. Variation in performance of western flower thrips populations on susceptible and partially resistant cucumber. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 83(1): 73-80.‏
Kalafchi, M., Mobli, M., Ebadi, R. and Rezaei, A. M. 2006. A study of population fluctuations of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and its effect on bulbing and yield of selected onion cultivars in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36: 1465-1477. (In Farsi)
Karungi, J., Adipala, E., Kyamanywa, S., Ogenga-Latigo, M. W., Oyobo, N. and Jackai, L. E. N. 2000. Pest management in cowpea. Part 2. Integrating planting time, plant density and insecticide application for management of cowpea field insect pests in eastern Uganda. Crop Protection 19(4): 237-245.
Khanamani, M., Fathipour, Y., Hajiqanbar, H. and Sedaratian, A. 2012. Reproductive performance and life expectancy of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on seven eggplant cultivars. ‏ Journal of Crop Protection 1(1): 57-66.
Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips, their biology, ecology and economic importance. Academic Press, London, Uk.
Mohamed, M. A. 2012. Impact of planting dates, spaces and varieties on infestation of cucumber plants with whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 65(1): 17-20.
Mohammadi, S., Seraj, A. A. and Rajabpour, A. 2015. Evaluation of six cucumber greenhouse cultivars for resistance to Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Crop Protection 4(4): 545-556.‏
Mohammadi, S., Seraj, A. and Rajabpour, A. 2014. Effects of six greenhouse cucumber cultivars on reproductive performance and life expectancy of Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acarologia 55(2): 231-242.‏
Mohdnoor, R. B. 1980. Effect of plant density on the dry seed yield of cowpeas in Malaysia. Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin 17–18.
Najafabadi, S. M., Shoushtari, R. V., Zamani, A. A., Arbabi, M. and Farazmand, H. 2014. Life parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on six common bean cultivars. Journal of Economic Entomology 107(2): 614-622.‏
Najafabadi, S. M., Shoushtari, R. V., Zamani, A. A., Arbabi, M. Farazmand, H. 2012. Resistance to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 11(6): 690-701.‏
Najafabadi, S. S. M. and Zamani, A. A. 2013. The effect of common bean cultivars on life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Persian Journal of Acarology 2(2): 297–310.
Pedigo, L. P. 2002. Entomology and pest management. Iowa University press, Iowa, USA.
Power, A. G. 1987. Plant community diversity, herbivore movement, and an insect-transmitted disease of maize. Ecology 68: 1658–1669
Price P.W. 1997. Insect Ecology (Third edition). John Willey and Sons, Inc. New York. USA.
Razmjou, J., Tavakkoli, H. Nemati, M. 2009. Life history traits of Tetranychus urticae Koch on three legumes (Acari: Tetranychidae). Munis Entomology and Zoology 4(1): 204-211.‏
Root, R. B. and Kareiva, P. M. 1984. The search for resources by cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae): ecological consequences and adaptive significance of Markovian movements in a patchy environment. Ecology 65:147–165
Roozbahani, M., Shahkarami, J., Mohiseni, A., Kushki, M. H. and Jafari, S. 2016. Resistance of ten red common bean (Phseolus vulgaris) genotypes to Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) under field conditions. Plant Protection Research 6(3): 1-10. (In Farsi)
Saei Dehghan, M., Allahyari, H., Saboori, A., Nowzari, J. and Hosseini Naveh, V. 2009. Fitness of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different soybean cultivars: biology and fertility life-tables. International Journal of Acarology 35(4): 341-347.‏
Segarra-Carmona, A. and Barbosa, P. 1990. Influence of patch plant density on herbivory levels by Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Glycine max and Crotalaria pallida. Environmental Entomology 19: 640–647
Seraj, A. A. 2012. Plant Pest Control Principles (Pest Management). Shahid Chamran Publication, Ahvaz. (In Farsi).
Shelton, A. M., Wilsey, W. T. and Schmaedick, M. A. 1998. Management of onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cabbage by using plant resistance and insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 91(1): 329-333.‏
Singh, S. P. 2005. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement series, Grain Legumes. CRC Press. USA.
Taghizadeh, R. and Fathi, Y. 2017. Population density and spatial distribution of immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Bruchidae) on cowpea in Tehran region. Plant Protection Research 6(2): 1-13. (In Farsi)
Van Rijn, P. C., Mollema, C. and Steenhuis-Broers, G. M. 1995. Comparative life history studies of Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cucumber. Bulletin of Entomological Research 85(2): 285-297.
Van Schoonhoven, A. and Voysest, O. 1991. Common beans: research for crop improvement. CIAT.
Wermelinger, B., Oertli, J. J. and Baumgärtner, J. 1991. Environmental factors affecting the life-tables of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) III. Host-plant nutrition. Experimental and Applied Acarology 12(3-4): 259-274.
Werner, D. 2005. Production and biological nitrogen fixation of tropical legumes. In Warner, W.E. and Newton, W.E (Eds.). Nitrogen fixation in agriculture, forestry, ecology, and the environment. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1-13.
 
تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 9، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 39-48

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 شهریور 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار