کارایی باکتری Bacillus thuringiensis در کنترل بیولوژیک کرم میوه‌خوار خرما Batrachedra amydraula در شرایط مزرعه‌ای

نویسنده

سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده خرما و میوه های گرمسیری

چکیده

شب ­پره کوچک خرما (Batrachedraamydraula Meyrick) یکی از مهم­ترین آفات نخلستان می­ باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی کارایی باکتری Bacillus thuringiensis برای کنترل آن در شرایط نخلستان بود. برای انجام این آزمایش از جدایه kurstaki B. thuringiensis استفاده شد. از طرح اسپلیت پلات برای انجام تحقیق استفاده شد. پلات‌های اصلی شامل سه زمان انجام تیمار شامل همزمان، سه روز و یک هفته پس از ظهور آفت در نخلستان بود. پلات‌های فرعی شامل سه سطح مختلف غلظت حداقل، متوسط و حداکثر به ­ترتیب با غلظت یک دهم معادل و ده برابر غلظت کشنده 50 درصد که به صورت 2 روز در میان و به مدت یک هفته ادامه داشت. این آزمایش دارای چهار تکرار شامل یک نفر نخل رقم سایر بود. یک تیمار کنترل شیمیایی و یک تیمار بدون کنترل به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. درصد آسیب میوه از اواسط فروردین ماه به فاصله هر دو هفته یک بار نمونه­ برداری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارهای مختلف باکتری Bt، از نظر شدت آلودگی میوه اختلاف وجود دارد. به طوری که بیش­ترین آلودگی در تیمار غلظت حداقل در شرایط 7 و 3 روز پس از ظهور کرم میوه خوار ثبت شده است. کم­ترین آلودگی در شرایط غلظت حداکثر بود و از این لحاظ تفاوت معنی­ داری بین سه زمان مختلف انجام تیمار وجود ندارد. کم­ترین متوسط سرعت رشد و بیش­ترین کاهش متوسط سرعت رشد آسیب در تیمار غلظت حداکثر و همزمان با ظهور آفت بود. بالاترین کارایی کنترل به ­ترتیب در شرایط غلظت حداکثر هم­زمان با ظهور آفت بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis for biological control of date lesser moth (Batrachedra amydraula) in field conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • M. Latifian
Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Date palm and tropical fruits research Center
چکیده [English]

The lesser moth, Batrachedra amydraula is one of the most important pests of Dates. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis to control this pest in Date palm plantation condition. Krustaki bacterial isolate was used. The split plot design was used to conduct the research. Main plots consisted of three times of treatments including same time, three days and a week after the appearance of the pest. Sub plots were three different concentrations medium, average and maximum including One-tenth, equal and ten times of LD50 given 2 days and continued for a week. The experiment consisted of four replicates on a Sayer Date palm tree. A chemical control (Diazinon insecticide) and a treated without the chemical and biological control was considered as control group. Percentage of damaged fruit as the symptoms of biological pest activity were been sampling from mid-April once every two weeks of treatment. The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments, so that the maximum infection was recorded on minimum concentration at 3 and 7 days after the lesser moth appearance. The minimum infestation was recorded on maximum concentration and there were no significant differences between the three different times of release. The lowest average growth rate and the highest average reduction of injury growth rate were recorded on maximum concentration and coincided with the pest emergence treatment. The highest performance control was recorded on the maximum concentration coincided with the emergence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The leeser Date moth
  • Bacillus thuringiensis
  • Efficiency of Control

مراجع

Alejandra, B., Sarjeet, S. G. and Soberón, M. 2007. Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. Toxicon 49(4): 423–435
Alrubeai, H. F., Hamad, B. S., Abdullatif, A. M., Ali, H. Z. and Abed, A. 2014. Efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens and Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki to control Lesser Date Moth Batrachedra amydraula Merck. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 4: 281-284.
Ali, A. S., Nazar, A. and Hama, N. 2016. Integrated management for major date palm pests in Iraq. Journal of Food and Agriculture 28(1): 127-132. 
Al-Jboory, I. J. 2007. Survey and identification of the biotic factors in date palm environment and its application for designing IPM-program of date palm pests in Iraq. Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 11: 423–457.
Amizadeh, M., Hejazi, M. J., Niknam, G. R. and Arzanlou, M. 2015. Compatibility and interaction between Bacillus thuringiensis and certain insecticides: perspective in management of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 25: 671-684.
Anwar, H. M., Huq, E., Grover, A., Dennis, E. S., James, P. W. and Hodges, T. K. 1996. Characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase genes from rice. Plant Molecular Biology 31 (4): 761-770.
Beegle, C. C. and Yamamoto, T. 1992. Invitation Paper (Alexander, C.P.  Fund): History of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner research and development. The Canadian Entomologist 124 (4): 587–616.
De Lucca, A. J., Simonson, J. G. and Larson, A. D. 1981. Bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the United States. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 27: 865-870.
Entwistle, J. C. and Dixon, A. F. G. 1987. Short-term forecasting of wheat yield loss caused by the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in summer. Annals of Applied Biology 111: 489–508.
Furlong, M. J., Ju, K. H., Su, P. W., Chol, J. W., Chang, R. and Zalucki, M. P. 2008. Integration of endemic natural enemies and Bacillus thuringiensis to manage insect pests of Brassica crops in North Korea. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment 125: 223-238.
Habib, D. M. and Essaadi, S. H. 2007. Biocontrol of the lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula (Cosmopterigidae: Batrachedridae) on date palm trees. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 736: III International Date Palm Conference. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.736.35.
Houghtby, G. A., Maturin, L. J. and Koenig, E. K. 1993. Microbiological Count Methods. In R. T. Marshal, Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products (pp. 213-246). Washington DC, USA: American Public Health Association.
Latifian, M. and Solaimannejadian, E. 2002. Study of the lesser moth Batrachedra amydraula (Lep: Batrachedridae) distribution based on geostatistical models in Khuzestan province. Journal of Entomological Research 1(1): 43-55.
Latifian, M. 2012. The effects of cultural management on the lesser date moth (Batrachedra amydraula Myer) infestation. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture24(3): 224-229.
Latifian, M. and Kajbafvala, G. 2014. Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis against three important date palm insect pests. Arab Journal of Plant Protection 33(3): 323-329.
Martin, P. A. W. and Travers, R. S. 1989. Worldwide abundance and distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55: 2437-2442.
Mohammad, J. K., Al- Jassany R. F., Ali, A-S. A. and El- Bouhssaini, M. 2013. The efficacy of the biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Spinosad against the lesser date moth. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science 44 (2): 220-225.
Navon, A. and Ascher, K. R. S. 2000. Bioassay of entomophathogenic microbes and nematodes. CABI publishing. 324pp.
Ohba, M. and Aizawa, Y. M. 1986. Distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis in soils of Japan. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 47: 277-282.
Reinoso, P. Y., Rincón, C. M. and Del, C. and Ibarra, E. J. 2016. Characterization of a highly toxic strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Serova kurstaki very similar to the HD-73 strain. F. M. S. Microbiology letters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw188 fnw188.
Roh, J. Y., Choi, J. Y., Li, M. S., Jin, B. R. and Je, Y. H. 2007. Bacillus thuringiensis as a specific, safe, and effective tool for insect pest control. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 17 (4): 547–59.
Schoenly, K. G., Cohen, M. B., Barrion, A. T., Zhang, W., Gaolach, B. and Viajante, V. D. 2003. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on nontarget herbivore and natural enemy assemblages in tropical irrigated rice. Environmental Biosafety Research 2: 181-206.
تحقیقات آفات گیاهی
دوره 7، شماره 4
اسفند 1396
صفحه 1-11

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 اسفند 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار