University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 Study on parasitism of Carpomya vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Fopius carpomyiae (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Bushehr Province. Study on parasitism of Carpomya vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Fopius carpomyiae (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Bushehr Province. 1 9 500 FA N. Farrar H. Askary S. R. Golestaneh F. Karampour M. Haghani Journal Article 2015 06 26 Fopius carpomyiae (Silvestri) (Braconidae: Opiinae) is primarily an egg-pupal, larvae parasitoid of Ber (Konar) fruit fly, Carpomya vesuviana Costa, which is a key pest of several species of genera "Ziziphus" in the south of Iran. In this investigation, eggs, different larval stages and pupae of Ber (Konar) fruit fly were collected from natural areas to evaluate the potential of parasitism of this parasitoid. Each of all stages was counted and allowed to grow separately into Petri dishes contained soft soil, with enough aeration. The percentage of parasitism was evaluated monthly. Some parasitic behaviors were studied by direct observation on establishing wasps on the non-infested and infested Ber fruits in experimental tubes. The research was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications, with four treatments (Wasp sitting on non infested fruit, Wasp just movings toward on non infested fruit, Wasp sitting and search on infested fruit and Wasp Just movings toward on infested fruit) and carried out for three years by using an alfactometer system. Pre-oviposition period of the wasp was 9 ± 1.6 days. Third instar larvae changed into pupa after 5± 2 days. Pupal period was 6 ± 2 days. Male and female longevity was 15 ± 4 and 22 ± 5 days, respectively. The female wasp with a long ovipositor can parasitize host eggs and young larvae that are completely concealed in fruits. The observations and statistical analysis showed that, at first female wasps attracted towards fruits infested with eggs or larvae of fruit fly, by using some chemicals, which were probably released on Konar fruits at the time of oviposition by fly (F=4.37, df=3,16, P<0.05). The female wasp started to move for searching, found larvae and eggs on the fruits by using probable chemical materials (odor) and antennal searching, then released and established only one egg into the host body after digging a hole under fruit skin. The parasitoid emerged from puparium of host fly after its completing development by killing the host. The statistical data showed differences in parasitism potential of this wasp during different months of the year, as it ranged from 7% in January to 49.6 % in December. The mean percentage of parasitism in the Samal zone of Bushehr Province was estimated 24±3.3% over a three year period. Fopius carpomyiae (Silvestri) (Braconidae: Opiinae) is primarily an egg-pupal, larvae parasitoid of Ber (Konar) fruit fly, Carpomya vesuviana Costa, which is a key pest of several species of genera "Ziziphus" in the south of Iran. In this investigation, eggs, different larval stages and pupae of Ber (Konar) fruit fly were collected from natural areas to evaluate the potential of parasitism of this parasitoid. Each of all stages was counted and allowed to grow separately into Petri dishes contained soft soil, with enough aeration. The percentage of parasitism was evaluated monthly. Some parasitic behaviors were studied by direct observation on establishing wasps on the non-infested and infested Ber fruits in experimental tubes. The research was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications, with four treatments (Wasp sitting on non infested fruit, Wasp just movings toward on non infested fruit, Wasp sitting and search on infested fruit and Wasp Just movings toward on infested fruit) and carried out for three years by using an alfactometer system. Pre-oviposition period of the wasp was 9 ± 1.6 days. Third instar larvae changed into pupa after 5± 2 days. Pupal period was 6 ± 2 days. Male and female longevity was 15 ± 4 and 22 ± 5 days, respectively. The female wasp with a long ovipositor can parasitize host eggs and young larvae that are completely concealed in fruits. The observations and statistical analysis showed that, at first female wasps attracted towards fruits infested with eggs or larvae of fruit fly, by using some chemicals, which were probably released on Konar fruits at the time of oviposition by fly (F=4.37, df=3,16, P<0.05). The female wasp started to move for searching, found larvae and eggs on the fruits by using probable chemical materials (odor) and antennal searching, then released and established only one egg into the host body after digging a hole under fruit skin. The parasitoid emerged from puparium of host fly after its completing development by killing the host. The statistical data showed differences in parasitism potential of this wasp during different months of the year, as it ranged from 7% in January to 49.6 % in December. The mean percentage of parasitism in the Samal zone of Bushehr Province was estimated 24±3.3% over a three year period.

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_500_a45e2b9dcc8584b7d9b85af0fde438d6.pdf

University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 A comparative study on product index (PI) of lady beetles, Hippodamia variegata and Coccinella septempunctata feeding on wheat green aphid, cabbage aphid and melon aphid under laboratory conditions A comparative study on product index (PI) of lady beetles, Hippodamia variegata and Coccinella septempunctata feeding on wheat green aphid, cabbage aphid and melon aphid under laboratory conditions 10 16 501 FA M. Mollashahi H. Sabouri M. Sedghi Journal Article 2015 06 26 A useful parameter to assess the combined influence of diet and temperature is product index (PI). The objective of this study was to determine which prey species and temperature provide favorable conditions for optimal laboratory propagation of Hippodamia. variegata and Coccinella. septempunctata. For this purpose, product index of above mentioned lady beetles was studied on wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) and melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) under laboratory conditions. Each diet treatment was monitored at 26°C and 30°C, photoperiod 16L:8D and a relative humidity of 65±5%. The initial number of first instars larvae in each treatment (two temperatures and three preys) was 20. Each beetle larvae was placed in a 60×10 mm plastic Petri-dish and supplied daily with fresh third nymphal instars of aphid (nymphs taken directly hosts foliages) and larval development was observed every 24 h. Adult predators after eclosion in each treatment were weighed using an electronic balance with a resolution to 0.001g. Product index was determined using Pldt = [(log e WT) / T ] × S where PIdt is the index for production according to diet (d) and temperature (t), WT represents live weight (mg) of adult, T represents larval developmental time (days) and S represents survival percentage. Larval period of mentioned treatments showed significant differences in H. variegata. In the seven spotted ladybeetle, prey treatments were significantly different and in treatment of temperature, only in treatment of the melon aphids, the difference was significant. The weight of adults H. variegata except for one case (the cabbage aphid treatment) showed significant differences and in C. septempunctata all treatments significantly were different. The shortest larval period in both ladybeetles obtained at 30°C when fed on melon aphid and the longest larval period occurred when the cabbage aphid was used for feeding at the temperature of 26°C. The highest production indices, 41.3 and 43.12 were calculated for H. variegata and C. septempunctata fed on A. gossypii at 30°C, respectively. The lowest product index was obtained for H. variegata (12.01) and C. septempunctata (17.31) when beetles larvae were fed on B. brassicae at 26°C. A useful parameter to assess the combined influence of diet and temperature is product index (PI). The objective of this study was to determine which prey species and temperature provide favorable conditions for optimal laboratory propagation of Hippodamia. variegata and Coccinella. septempunctata. For this purpose, product index of above mentioned lady beetles was studied on wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) and melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) under laboratory conditions. Each diet treatment was monitored at 26°C and 30°C, photoperiod 16L:8D and a relative humidity of 65±5%. The initial number of first instars larvae in each treatment (two temperatures and three preys) was 20. Each beetle larvae was placed in a 60×10 mm plastic Petri-dish and supplied daily with fresh third nymphal instars of aphid (nymphs taken directly hosts foliages) and larval development was observed every 24 h. Adult predators after eclosion in each treatment were weighed using an electronic balance with a resolution to 0.001g. Product index was determined using Pldt = [(log e WT) / T ] × S where PIdt is the index for production according to diet (d) and temperature (t), WT represents live weight (mg) of adult, T represents larval developmental time (days) and S represents survival percentage. Larval period of mentioned treatments showed significant differences in H. variegata. In the seven spotted ladybeetle, prey treatments were significantly different and in treatment of temperature, only in treatment of the melon aphids, the difference was significant. The weight of adults H. variegata except for one case (the cabbage aphid treatment) showed significant differences and in C. septempunctata all treatments significantly were different. The shortest larval period in both ladybeetles obtained at 30°C when fed on melon aphid and the longest larval period occurred when the cabbage aphid was used for feeding at the temperature of 26°C. The highest production indices, 41.3 and 43.12 were calculated for H. variegata and C. septempunctata fed on A. gossypii at 30°C, respectively. The lowest product index was obtained for H. variegata (12.01) and C. septempunctata (17.31) when beetles larvae were fed on B. brassicae at 26°C.

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_501_b4eabdb9cde5a91b6347a67986db3084.pdf

University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 Coprophage and edaphic mites of the families Macrochelidae and Pachylaelapidae in eastern region of Golestan Province, Iran Coprophage and edaphic mites of the families Macrochelidae and Pachylaelapidae in eastern region of Golestan Province, Iran 17 23 502 FA V. Zakeri K. Kamali H. R. Hajiqanbar Journal Article 2015 06 26 Members of families Macrochelidae and Pachylaelapidae belong to superorder Parasitiformes and are mostly coprophage and edaphic. They are free-living and important predators of plant parasitic nematodes, eggs and larvae of flies. They have a special importance in biological control. In order to identify species of these families in eastern region of Golestan Province, sampling was carried out from soil, compost and dungs during 2009. In this survey two genera and eight species belong to family Macrochelidae and two genera and three species belong to Pachylaelapidae were collected and identified. Among them, one species considered as a new record for Iran, which is marked by an asterisk. Names of species and families are listed below: 1. Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 Macrocheles glaber (Muller, 1860) M. merdarius (Berlese, 1889) M. subbadius (Berlese, 1904) M. muscaedomesticae (Scopoli, 1772) M. robustulus (Berlese, 1904) M. nr. peniculatus Berlese, 1918 Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa, 1900) G. americana (Berlese, 1888) 2. Pachylaelapidae Berlese, 1913 Pachylaelaps karawaiewi Berlese, 1921 P. grandis Koroleva, 1977 Olopachys compositus * Koroleva, 1976 Members of families Macrochelidae and Pachylaelapidae belong to superorder Parasitiformes and are mostly coprophage and edaphic. They are free-living and important predators of plant parasitic nematodes, eggs and larvae of flies. They have a special importance in biological control. In order to identify species of these families in eastern region of Golestan Province, sampling was carried out from soil, compost and dungs during 2009. In this survey two genera and eight species belong to family Macrochelidae and two genera and three species belong to Pachylaelapidae were collected and identified. Among them, one species considered as a new record for Iran, which is marked by an asterisk. Names of species and families are listed below: 1. Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 Macrocheles glaber (Muller, 1860) M. merdarius (Berlese, 1889) M. subbadius (Berlese, 1904) M. muscaedomesticae (Scopoli, 1772) M. robustulus (Berlese, 1904) M. nr. peniculatus Berlese, 1918 Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa, 1900) G. americana (Berlese, 1888) 2. Pachylaelapidae Berlese, 1913 Pachylaelaps karawaiewi Berlese, 1921 P. grandis Koroleva, 1977 Olopachys compositus * Koroleva, 1976

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_502_9663b0888ccefe49ef53bc7c699781cf.pdf

University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 Quantitative study on morphologic characters in five population of hard tick Hyalomma anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Iran Quantitative study on morphologic characters in five population of hard tick Hyalomma anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Iran 24 37 503 FA A. Hosseini Chegeni A. Dalimi Asl M. Abdigoudarzi Journal Article 2015 06 26 The species hard tick, Hyalomma anatolicum is a vector of the important pathogen agents of both animals and humans. This species is the most abundant Hyalomma tick in its geographical zone‎. H. anatolicum is a vector of Thileriosis and Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), an animal protozoan and human viral diseases, respectively, and ‎widely distributed in Iran. Some taxonomic characters on this species was introduced ‎but not measured.‎ The purpose of the present investigation was to identify valuable discriminating characters for ‎male specimens of H. anatolicum with the other closely related species by morphometric‎ methods. Firstly, the collected tick specimens‎ were identified by several Hyalomma identification keys as H. anatolicum. Totally, nine and three quantitative and qualitative parameters, respectively, were measured. The data measurements were analyzed using SPSS for windows and finally the specimens were drawn by the aid of a drawing tube. The one way ANOVA test revealed the presence of significant differences among many quantitative parameters, except lateral groove/scutum length ratio, also all studied regions. The observation of the qualitative parameters showed presence and absence of these characters in all the specimens studied. The amplitude and quantity of morphologic parameters of Hyalomma anatolicum suggested to be considered for correct identification and key preparation of this species. The species hard tick, Hyalomma anatolicum is a vector of the important pathogen agents of both animals and humans. This species is the most abundant Hyalomma tick in its geographical zone‎. H. anatolicum is a vector of Thileriosis and Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), an animal protozoan and human viral diseases, respectively, and ‎widely distributed in Iran. Some taxonomic characters on this species was introduced ‎but not measured.‎ The purpose of the present investigation was to identify valuable discriminating characters for ‎male specimens of H. anatolicum with the other closely related species by morphometric‎ methods. Firstly, the collected tick specimens‎ were identified by several Hyalomma identification keys as H. anatolicum. Totally, nine and three quantitative and qualitative parameters, respectively, were measured. The data measurements were analyzed using SPSS for windows and finally the specimens were drawn by the aid of a drawing tube. The one way ANOVA test revealed the presence of significant differences among many quantitative parameters, except lateral groove/scutum length ratio, also all studied regions. The observation of the qualitative parameters showed presence and absence of these characters in all the specimens studied. The amplitude and quantity of morphologic parameters of Hyalomma anatolicum suggested to be considered for correct identification and key preparation of this species.

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_503_4bf9461b88690b81d1b4226987d31fc8.pdf

University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 Sublethal effects of fenazaquin on life-table parameters of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) Sublethal effects of fenazaquin on life-table parameters of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) 38 48 504 FA M. Gholamzadeh Chitgar M. Ghadamyari Journal Article 2015 06 26 Lethal and sublethal effects of fenazaquin were studied on life-table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch in laboratory condition. Results showed that LC50 and LC30 of fenazaquin on T. urticae were 101 and 60.2 ppm, respectively. In assessing sublethal effects, mortality, fecundity and longevity of the females that survived from the treatment were determined after a 48 h exposure to LC30 concentration. Results showed that fenazaquin caused significant reductions in fecundity and longevity of the adults. Life table assays indicated that the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) significantly reduced in the treated females compared with control, while doubling time (DT) significantly increased in the treated female. The results of this study might be seen as a starting point for further research in order to improve the management of T. urticae populations. Lethal and sublethal effects of fenazaquin were studied on life-table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch in laboratory condition. Results showed that LC50 and LC30 of fenazaquin on T. urticae were 101 and 60.2 ppm, respectively. In assessing sublethal effects, mortality, fecundity and longevity of the females that survived from the treatment were determined after a 48 h exposure to LC30 concentration. Results showed that fenazaquin caused significant reductions in fecundity and longevity of the adults. Life table assays indicated that the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) significantly reduced in the treated females compared with control, while doubling time (DT) significantly increased in the treated female. The results of this study might be seen as a starting point for further research in order to improve the management of T. urticae populations.

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_504_5a905d02fb04e8469826290ec1e95d4e.pdf

University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 Influence of different diets on prey preference and some biological characteristics of predatory bug, Orius albidipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in laboratory conditions Influence of different diets on prey preference and some biological characteristics of predatory bug, Orius albidipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in laboratory conditions 49 59 505 FA S. Yari J. Hajizadeh R. Hosseini A. Hosseininia Journal Article 2015 06 26 Prey preference, reproduction and longevity of Orius albidipennis were studied on four different diets including the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae plus corn pollen; two-spotted spider mite; eggs of Sitotroga cerealella plus corn pollen and eggs of Sitotroga cerealella in laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 , 65 ± 5 RH and L16: D8 photoperiod). The leaves of Pelargonium hortom were served as oviposition substrate and moisture source. The results showed that feeding on T.urticae plus corn pollen was significantly higher than other diets. The Manly preference index (α) in the prey-preference test on four diets show more preference on T.urticae plus corn pollen than other diets. The female longevity was significantly higher on grain moth eggs plus corn pollen and grain moth eggs than T. urticae plus corn pollen and T. urticae. There were no significant differences in male longevity among the four different diets. The oviposition period and fecundity of female on grain moth eggs plus corn pollen were significantly higher than other diets. Daily egg-laying of O. albidipennis feeding on T. urticae plus corn pollen and T. urticae were significantly higher than on grain moth eggs plus corn pollen and grain moth eggs. The use of corn pollen as supplemental food increased fecundity of O. albidipennis and predator bug preferred diet which that fed on prey increased its daily egg laying. Prey preference, reproduction and longevity of Orius albidipennis were studied on four different diets including the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae plus corn pollen; two-spotted spider mite; eggs of Sitotroga cerealella plus corn pollen and eggs of Sitotroga cerealella in laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 , 65 ± 5 RH and L16: D8 photoperiod). The leaves of Pelargonium hortom were served as oviposition substrate and moisture source. The results showed that feeding on T.urticae plus corn pollen was significantly higher than other diets. The Manly preference index (α) in the prey-preference test on four diets show more preference on T.urticae plus corn pollen than other diets. The female longevity was significantly higher on grain moth eggs plus corn pollen and grain moth eggs than T. urticae plus corn pollen and T. urticae. There were no significant differences in male longevity among the four different diets. The oviposition period and fecundity of female on grain moth eggs plus corn pollen were significantly higher than other diets. Daily egg-laying of O. albidipennis feeding on T. urticae plus corn pollen and T. urticae were significantly higher than on grain moth eggs plus corn pollen and grain moth eggs. The use of corn pollen as supplemental food increased fecundity of O. albidipennis and predator bug preferred diet which that fed on prey increased its daily egg laying.

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_505_3ea7ab8e7892bc84887c16002d8a4201.pdf

University of Guilan Plant Pest Research 2322-2409 1 1 2012 02 20 Extraction of local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from vineyard soils in Salmas and evaluation of its toxicity on larva and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Extraction of local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from vineyard soils in Salmas and evaluation of its toxicity on larva and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) 60 66 506 FA M. Frouzan H. Nuri M. Rezaei M. Hasanzadeh Journal Article 2015 06 26 Bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium and terrcolous with abundant agricultural and scientific attractions throughout the world and are found in most climatic conditions. Due to genes Cyt, Cry and Vip proteins produced by this bacterium that infest and control specific agricultural pests including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and even nematodes. For this purpose, 25 strains of indigenous Bt. bacteria separated from agricultural soils (Salmas city) and the amount of their toxicity were examined on the larvae and adult of T. castaneum. Bt. isolates based on morphological characteristics were isolated using acetate method. The morphological characteristics of Bt. crystal were studied by light microscopy. 25 isolates of Bt. was isolated and the most commonly isolates were pyramidal shapes. In the adult stage of this pest 40 percent of the isolates and in the larval stage eight percent of isolates were showed more than 25% and 75% losses respectively. General results showed that the bacteria have significant effect on larvae and adult of examined insects. Bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium and terrcolous with abundant agricultural and scientific attractions throughout the world and are found in most climatic conditions. Due to genes Cyt, Cry and Vip proteins produced by this bacterium that infest and control specific agricultural pests including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and even nematodes. For this purpose, 25 strains of indigenous Bt. bacteria separated from agricultural soils (Salmas city) and the amount of their toxicity were examined on the larvae and adult of T. castaneum. Bt. isolates based on morphological characteristics were isolated using acetate method. The morphological characteristics of Bt. crystal were studied by light microscopy. 25 isolates of Bt. was isolated and the most commonly isolates were pyramidal shapes. In the adult stage of this pest 40 percent of the isolates and in the larval stage eight percent of isolates were showed more than 25% and 75% losses respectively. General results showed that the bacteria have significant effect on larvae and adult of examined insects.

https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_506_3c16b70ac0ab0d2efe3002c1aec1ec62.pdf